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Nonmetals

Nonmetals. Opposite properties of metals Not shiny Poor conductors Mostly gases (at room temperature) Solids are brittle. Sulfur. Reactivity of Nonmetals. Low. Low. High. Nonmetals will usually gain or share electrons when they react with other elements. Carbon Family. Group 14

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Nonmetals

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  1. Nonmetals • Opposite properties of metals • Not shiny • Poor conductors • Mostly gases (at room temperature) • Solids are brittle Sulfur

  2. Reactivity of Nonmetals Low Low High Nonmetals will usually gain or share electrons when they react with other elements

  3. Carbon Family • Group 14 • Can gain, lose, or share 4 electrons when reacting with other elements. • Carbon is the only nonmetal • All living things have carbon atoms • Other examples: coal, gasoline, diamonds  Carbon

  4. Nitrogen Family • Group 15 • Only 2 nonmetals – nitrogen and phosphorus • 80% of the atmosphere (air) is nitrogen • Always found in groups of two • Diatomic molecule Pure nitrogen in a glass vile 

  5. Oxygen Family • Group 16 • Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting with other elements • Oxygen can be a diatomic (air) or triatomic molecule (ozone) • Sulfur – used to make rubber, tires, and sulfuric acid Pure sulfur 

  6. Halogen Family • Group 17 • “Halogen” means “salt forming” • Very reactive and dangerous in pure form • Gain or share 1 electron when reacting with other elements • Examples: Carbon and flourine make nonstick coating on pans Flourine is put in water to prevent toothdecay Pure iodine evaporating to a purple gas 

  7. Noble Gases • Group 18 • Unreactive, do not lose, gain, or share electrons • Found in the atmosphere • Example: Helium, neon lights Neon in its pure form 

  8. Hydrogen – No Family • Doesn’t belong to any family • Properties differ from other elements • Makes up 90% of the atoms in the universe • Makes up only 1% of Earth’s crust • Hard to find in its pure form on Earth Orion Nebula – 80% Hydrogen 

  9. Metalloids • Inbetween metals and nonmetals • Solids (at room temp) • Brittle and hard • Semiconductors – can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. • Very important for computer chips • Example: • Silicon – found in sand and glass Pure silicon

  10. Assignment • At-Home Activity on p. 135 - Read the directions and clues on p. 135 carefully. • Write down five examples you find and describe the properties of halogens also in a few sentences. 5 Examples of Halogens • Toothpaste – Flouride Properties of Halogens Halogens have several properties….

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