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April 18, 2012 By: Sheree Baker, Advanced Power Components,

Ultracapacitors Improve R eliability and Lower Cost in Wind Turbine Pitch Control. April 18, 2012 By: Sheree Baker, Advanced Power Components, European Distributor and Rep for Ioxus. Ioxus Company Information. 2003 Ultracapacitor R&D Began 2007 Ioxus Incorporated 2009

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April 18, 2012 By: Sheree Baker, Advanced Power Components,

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  1. Ultracapacitors Improve Reliability and Lower Cost in Wind Turbine Pitch Control April 18, 2012 By: Sheree Baker, Advanced Power Components, European Distributor and Rep for Ioxus

  2. Ioxus Company Information 2003 UltracapacitorR&D Began2007 Ioxus Incorporated 2009 Production Began 2011 Blue Chip Funding Event 2012 Acquired Power Systems Ltd.

  3. Energy Storage Cousins Capacitor Ultracapacitor Battery Dielectric Electrolyte A A d d Electroactive materials • Rearrangement of ions – FAST • No chemical reactions – HIGH CYCLE LIFE • POWER DELIVERY DEVICE • Faradaic – HIGH ENERGY • ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

  4. Ultracapacitors In Wind Turbines Blade pitch control Pitch control emergency back-up Pitch drive system Wireless data transmission Beacon lighting UPS Grid stabilization 48V/165F iMOD™ 16V/58F iMOD™ 80V/12F iMOD™ 16V/500F iMOD™ 3000F iCAP™ 820F Hybrid 350F 100F Image source: http://www.myyellowcoat.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/windmill-interior2.jpg

  5. Pitch Control • Pitch control of each blade ensures optimum positioning for efficient utilization of wind speed for performance and safety • The pitch control is accomplished either mechanically or electrically – hydraulic/battery/ultracapacitor • Maintenance advantages for ultracapacitor • Temp and cycle life advantages • Over 16,000 turbine installations, ultracapacitors have proven maintenance free operation – reliability • 60% of newly installed turbine systems use electrical pitch controlled systems 5

  6. Pitch Control - Maintenance The cost of maintenance, in particular in remote areas where turbines are often located, as well as the frequent replacement schedule of the batteries, leads to a lower total cost of ownership and a higher reliability using ultracapacitors 6

  7. Temperature Performance: Ultracapacitors Ultracapacitors perform better than batteries at low temperatures, with full charge acceptance possible down to -40°C • Ultracapoperating temperature:– 40°C to + 70°C • Ultracap storage temperature:-40°C to + 70°C 7

  8. Pitch Control – Safety; the unseen cost • Ultracapacitors can be discharged to Zero (0) Volts, whereas batteries must always maintain a voltage – this can lead to accidents • Voltage indicators on Ioxus modules let the technician know when it is safe to work on the energy storage – avoiding accidental electrocutions 8

  9. Ultracapacitor Recyclability • Ultracapacitors are very recyclable > 95% • Recycling cost: ~ $0.35/lb + shipping • One of the lowest costs to recycle of any energy storage device! • A 16V, 58F Module would only cost $0.58 to recycle • Lead Acid batteries are ~70% recyclable (~$0.15/lb) • Lithium Ion batteries are not recycled in volume at this time 1 1 http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2011/05/why_advanced_lithium_ion_batteries_wont_be_recycled.html 9

  10. Ultracapacitor Cost Curve • Development Road Map • Increased Power • Increased Energy • While costs come down! Ultracap price ($/kWh, $/kW) Cost curve Ultracapacitor Production Volume • Over the past decade, ultracapacitor prices have fallen 90% • During the same 10 years, batteries have come down approximately 30% 10

  11. Advantage Ioxus • High Power/Energy Density Cells • Wide product range: • 100F to 3,000F for ultracapacitors • 220F to 1000F for hybrid capacitors • Module / System expertise and development • Vertically integrated manufacturing • Future Gen Technology to Widen Performance Gap • Power Systems acquisition expands product range/experience • Global CleanTech 100 Award 11

  12. Contact Information Ioxus, Inc. 18 Stadium Circle Oneonta, NY 13820 www.ioxus.com 1-877-751-4222 12

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