Draw a map of the world.

1. Draw a map of the world. • Label 0 latitude and 0 longitude. • Draw and label the continents. • Label the oceans. • Draw and label a major mountain range on each continent. • Draw and label one major river on each continent. • Draw and label one country on each continent. • Draw and label one capital city on each continent.

5. Islam, The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and the Mongols Unit 3

6. The Rise of Islam

7. Arabia • Mostly desert exceptfor coasts • Most people were herders and traderscalled Bedouins • Cities developed aroundtrade including Mecca

8. Religious Diversity in Arabia • Many religions were present in Arabia in theearly 600s • Christianity • Orthodox • Coptic • Jews • Zoroastrians • Polytheistic faiths

9. Muhammad • Born in 570 C.E. into apowerful clan • Started working as a caravan trader at an early age • Around 40 years old Muhammadwas visited by the angel Gabriel • Gabriel revealed a new prophecy which Muhammad memorizedand began preaching

10. Spread of Islam • Muhammad's ideas quickly spread across the region • His ideas made the elites in Mecca nervous • He fled from Mecca to Yathrib to avoid persecution from authorities • This was known as the “hijrah” or flight • A few years later Muhammad and 10,000 followers reentered Mecca

11. Faith of Islam • Islam – “Submission to the will of Allah” • Muslim – “ One who has submitted” • Holy book of Islam Qur’an • Muslims consider the Arabic text to be the literalword of God • Muslims try to memorize the Qur’an in Arabic • Even if they don’t speakthe language Arabic Text

12. Foundations of Islam • Muslims must follow the Five Pillars • There is only one God and Muhammad is His messenger • Muslims must pray five timesdaily toward Mecca • Must pay “Zakat” a tax for the poor • Muslims must fast during the holy month of Ramadan • Muslims must make a pilgrimage to the holy site of Mecca The Kaaba in Mecca

13. Life for Muslims • Live a humble life • Be tolerant and generous • Do not eat pork or drink alcohol • Jihad – Struggle to defend the faith • Greater Jihad – Internal struggle to live well and overcome base desires • Lesser Jihad –Struggle to defend Islam • Dar al-Islam – House of IslamDar al-Harb – House of War • May be violent or not • Most Muslims see this as requiring a group consensus and focus more on the House of Islam

14. Holy Texts • The most important text to Muslims is the Qur’an • This is the direct revelation from God recited to Muhammad • Hadith – Traditions of the prophet • Sayings and other stories attributed to the prophet or his followers • There are four major collections and they are not universally accepted by all Muslims

15. Crash Course Islam

16. World Religions Notebook • Create an entry for Judaism in your World Religions Notebook • Include the following • Origins (Location and story of how the religion began) • Important symbols of the faith • Prophet (Describe three major prophets of this faith • Map (Map at the time of this religion’s beginning and height. Shaded for each) • Demographics (How many people in the world follow this faith? List the top three countries and how many followers are in that country) • What are the major beliefs of this faith • What are the major sects or divisions in this faith (How did they split and what are their differences in belief)

17. Koran By Heart

18. Qur’an and Hadith Writing Assignment • You will explore passages in the Qur’an and Hadith to better understand the diversity present in Islam • Choose one of the Five Pillars or another topic (marriage, dress, food, etc…) • Find passages from the Qur’an and passages from the Hadith that address this topic • Use the University of Southern California Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/home/ • Answer the following • How does the Qur’an treat this topic? • How does the Hadith complement it? • Are there differences between the two? • How do you understand the difference between the Qur’an, which Muslims consider the revealed word of God, and the Hadith, which are the sayings of God’s messenger, Muhammad, who Muslims believe is an exemplar of proper Muslim behavior? • Place the treatment of the subject by these texts within the context of what we have learned about Islam. Why would these rules and laws exist given the world Muslims lived in?

19. Islam Expands • Expansion 622-632 • Expansion 632-661   •  Expansion 661-750

20. Muhammad’s successors • Muhammad did not appoint a successor • Muslims selected Abu-Bakr “Caliph” • The next 3 caliphs are known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs

21. Expansion • Muslim armies were well organized and powerful • They were also fighting weakened neighbors such as the Byzantines and Sassanids • People were sick of persecution by previous state religions and Muslims were very tolerant to conquered peoples

22. Crisis • When the last rightly guided Caliph died different groups fought for control of the Muslim community • Two branches of Islam were created after the Umayyad family took power

23. Schism • Sunni • Party of the Umayyad family • Believe Muslims should follow Muhammad’s example • Muslim rulers do not need to be related to Muhammad • Shi’a • Believe that Caliphs should be related to Muhammad • Feel that Ali should have been the second leader of Islam • See divinity in the ruler of the community

24. What do the following words have in common? • Algebra • Cotton • Guitar • Lemon • Soda • Sofa

25. Islamic Civilization

26. Trade • Muslims expanded trade throughout the middle East and into Europe • Textiles, Metalwork, Jewelry, Perfume, and spice were a few goods Muslims traded • Ideas were also exchanged and the Muslim world was seen as a center of learning

27. Islamic World C.E. 814

28. Govt. and Society • The Islamic Empire split into 3 parts • Baghdad (Iraq) • Cairo (Egypt) • Cordoba (Spain) • Qur’an discouraged slavery

29. Women's Roles • “Men are the managers of the affairs of woman” • Each family member had specific roles • Men provided for the family • Women maintained the home and raised the children • Women could own property and go to school • Modern practices concerning women vary widely across the Muslim world

30. Marriage • Marriages were arranged • Men could have several wives • Over time some Muslims have begun limiting the rights of woman while others have expanded them

31. Scientific Achievements • Medicine - knowledge among the best in the world • Dissection, drugs, study of disease • Geography – Due to experience in trade Muslims had good maps and tools • Compiled maps from abroad • Used astrolabe

32. Muslims continued the old Greek and Roman philosophical and scientific tradition • Mathematics – Base 10 number system still used today • Invented Algebra “Al-Jabr”

33. Arts • Most art focused on geometric designs and patterns instead of people • Architecture – Mosques became more elaborate and built minarets • The Thousand and One Nights • Collection of Muslim stories told around the world

34. Byzantine Empire

35. Byzantine Empire • After the fall of Rome, Byzantium remained in the east • 650 CE

36. Justinian • Emperor 527-567 C.E. • Led a revival of Byzantium • Expanded Borders of the Empire • Ruled with absolute powerand authority • A massive revolt broke outover taxes and harsh rulewhich he brutally suppressedby luring rebels into the hippodrome and having them killed by the army

37. Justinian Code • Justinian enacted the “Codex Justinianus” in the early 6th century • This was based on the recorded laws of Rome • Became the Basis of English Civil Law Emblem of the Emperor

38. Theodora • Justinian’s wife • Rose from humble beginnings to become Empress • Expanded the rights of woman • Exercised tremendous power over the Empire

39. Military • The empire had a powerful military force • General Belisarius was responsible for the expansion of the empire • Strong navy using “Greek Fire”

40. Church • Strong differences between Western Church (Pope) and east (Constantinople) • Byzantines were against veneration of idols • Iconoclastic controversy – Argument between east and west which resulted in the split of the church

41. Great Schism • The Pope and the Emperor of Byzantium excommunicated each other • In 1054 the Orthodox and Catholic churches split apart in the Great Schism

42. Culture • Constantinople – One of the greatest cities in the world • Hagia Sophia – “Church of Holy Wisdom” built in 532 C.E. Architectural triumph • Created many religious paintings

43. Constantinople

44. Hagia Sophia

45. Decline • Over time the Empire began to weaken • Seljuk Turks began conquering lands in Asia Minor, and Christian crusaders looted and pillaged the city • In 1453 C.E. Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

46. 1180 CE

48. Russia and the Mongols Ch 11 Sec 2

49. Geography Russia extends from Europe to Asia and encompasses the Carpathian and Ural mountains. Grassy plains called steppes – good for farming