Nautical Institute Hong Kong Marine Accidents Problems and Solutions Successful accident prevention in the tanker indust

1. Nautical Institute Hong KongMarine AccidentsProblems and SolutionsSuccessful accident prevention in the tanker industry Tim Wilkins Regional Manager Asia-Pacific Environmental Manager Image Courtesy of NORDEN AS

2. the business environment • tanker incident overview • the INTERTANKO perspective • identifying the problem • tanker industry answers

3. World oil demand 1993-2007(Million bls/day) The Business Environment – Oil trade increasing Source: IEA

4. The Business Environment – Oil trade increasing World Oil Supply 1900-2005 (Million bls/day)

5. The Business Environment – Tanker fleet growth Tanker fleet development m dwt No. • Assumptions for period until 2009: • Scheduled phase out for the period: 15.5 m dwt including 4.2 m dwt that should already have been phased out earlier than 2007 • Assumed removals 2007 – 2009: 29 m dwt (including conversion + other demolition)

6. The Business Environment – Pollution reducing Tonnes spilt per billion tonne-mile transported

7. Tanker incidents by cause 1978-2007 The Business Environment – Pollution reducing Number of accidents Oil pollution – 1000 ts Source: Based on incident reports from Lloyd’s Maritime Information Service

8. 1000 800 420 600 War 336 H & M 252 400 F & E 168 Grounding 84 Collis. 200 Misc 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 0 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 06 86 88 05 The Business Environment – Incidents increasing Reported tanker incidents reducing – until 2005/6 (with human error cases increasing) Number

9. Tanker Incidents – incident type

10. Total losses, tankers and bulkers Tanker Incidents – ship type Number Source: Clarkson

11. Tanker Incidents – problems and answers • identifying the problems • Human element • Safer ships and better training • tanker industry answers • Tank Inerting on Existing Ships safer ships • Material Safety Data Sheets safer ships • Lifeboat Safety Working Group safer ships/better training • Tanker Officer Training Standards better training

13. Industry answers – safer ships Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) • Fatalities due to high levels of Hydrogen Sulphide • INTERTANKO submission to IMO 2002 • Shippers to provide MSDS for MARPOL Annex I cargoes and bunkers • Grounding of submission based on: • INTERTANKO member concerns on crew safety (H2S) • Cargo/bunker operation to avoid losses and sludge build up • Resulted in resolution MSC.150(77), Recommendation for Material Safety Data Sheets for MARPOL Annex I cargoes and marine fuel oils • INTERTANKO proposal to IMO 2005 • Mandate issuance of MSDS at MSC in October 2007 • Decide on details of MSDS in 2008 – level of H2S accuracy

14. Industry answers – safer ships and better training Lifeboat Working Group, ISTEC • Objective to assist masters and owners in having greater leeway on lifeboat matters (drills/maintenance) and gain crew confidence when using these systems • Improving the design, construction, maintenance and operation of lifeboats, davits and their associated equipment • INTERTANKO working for regulatory changes to provide: • Owners with freedom to establish their own on-board safety systems • Masters undertaking their own risk assessment during routine drills

15. Industry answers – safer ships and better training Lifeboat Working Group, ISTEC • Liaison with manufacturers (ILAMA) to improve follow-up and maintenance of their product • Lifeboat incident reporting of importance in this work (Member feedback – joint feedback Forum)

16. Industry answers – better training Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS) • Vetting Committee & Human Element in Shipping Committee • "The Officer Matrix within the VIQ continues to be an effective tool of Risk Management. Data relating to Major Casualties within the Tanker Industry confirm the exposure to risk when inappropriate levels of familiarity, expertise & experience are held within the ship-board management team.” • Background and reasoning behind TOTS • Oil companies “Officer Matrix” • Based upon “Time in Rank” • Based upon “Years with the Operator”. • Creates problems for Owners and makes compliance difficult. • Prohibits Promotion • Extended Tours of Duty • Extended Working Life • TOTS developed, “to provide a coordinated response by INTERTANKO that will create a commonality of standard & ease compliance”

17. Industry answers – better training Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS) • Objectives • Filling experience gap • Built into what exists today in terms of training • Working to fit with TMSA • Avoiding any conflict and duplication • Five Elements of TOTS • Officer Entry Level (Core Statutory Competency) • Statutory (Dangerous Cargo Endorsements) • Company Based System Rank/Company Specific • Record Book Based Modules • Time in Rank • Time in Company • Shore Based Company Technical Assessment of the Candidate • In-house technical assessment – formal assessment of above • Ship Specific Practical Simulator Verification • Practical verification of 1, 2, 3 above

18. Safer ships and better training Reducing incidents onboard is not simply a human element issue, i.e. crew responsibility - but also an industry responsibility in terms of supplying ships that are fit for purpose