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Explore the impact of heredity, family history, PST test, smoking frequency, current and past diabetes duration, stress, hormonal variations, medications, and more on periodontal health in diabetic patients. Understanding these associations is crucial in effective periodontal care.
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Heredity Family history, PST-test Smoking Frequency, Current, Past Diabetes Duration, Control Stress Reported by patient Medications Calcium channel blockers Dilantin Cyclosporin Known to cause dry mouth Nutrition Obesity Poor oral hygiene Plaque and calculus Faulty dentistry Overhangs, Subgingival margins Hormonal variations Pregnancy Increased estradiol & progesterone Menopause Decreased estrogen, osteoporosis Immunocompromise HIV Neutropenia Connective tissue diseases Previous history of periodontitis Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease
Important Factors to Consider in Assessing the Periodontal Status of Patients with Diabetes • Degree of Metabolic Control • Duration of Disease • Presence of Other Long-term Complications • Retinopathy • Angiopathy • Nephropathy • Neuropathy • Delayed Wound Healing • Concurrent Risk Factors • Plaque • Smoking • Stress • Medications • Hormonal Variations • Adolescence • Pregnancy • Menopause
Obesity • An independent risk factor for periodontal disease • After statistical adjustment for other periodontal risk factors such as • Age • Gender • Socioeconomic status • Smoking • Diabetes • Plaque Genco et al.,Bissada et al.