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Rheumatoid arthritis. Dr. Wahby Ghalib CABO, FJMC, MRCS. aetiology. Genetic Immunologic : HLA-DR4 Viral infection. pathology. Synovitis Destruction : erosion of articular cartilage erosion of subchondral bone tendon rupture
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Rheumatoid arthritis Dr. Wahby Ghalib CABO, FJMC, MRCS
aetiology • Genetic • Immunologic : HLA-DR4 • Viral infection
pathology • Synovitis • Destruction : erosion of articular cartilage erosion of subchondral bone tendon rupture • Deformity
C / f • Prevalence : 2% • Female : male 3 : 1 • 4th or 5th decade • MPJs & PIPJs • Wrists, feet, knees & shoulders
Criteria of diagnosis : 4 / 7 • Arthritis of the hand • Bilateral arthritis • 3 or more joints • Morning stiffness > hr • Rheumatoid nodules • Rheumatoid factor • XR features of RA
Extraarticular features • Rheumatoid nodule : 24 % • Myopathy • Neuropathy • Lymphadenopathy • Nerve entrapment syndromes • Visceral involvement
Visceral involvement • Carditis, pericarditis • Pleuritis, pulmonary fibrosis • Hepatitis • Nephrotic syndrome • Vasculitis • Scleritis
syndromes • Sjogren syndrome : xerostomia, xerophthalmia • Felty syndrome : splenomegaly, neutropenia
complications • Tendon rupture • Deformity • Atlantoaxial joint instability • Infection • O.A. • Amyloidosis
deformities • Wrist : radial deviation • Fingers : ulnar deviation Boutonnier swan neck • Knee : valgum • Foot : hallux valgus • Toes : claw
XR • Soft tissue swelling • Periarticular osteoporosis • Loss of joint cavity • Bone erosion • O.A.
Investigations • Normocytic hypochromic • ↑ ESR • CRP : +ve • RF : +ve in 80 % : Anti - IgG IgM • ANA : +ve in 30 %
: bad : prognosis • Female • RF • Rheumatoid nodule • Vasculitis • Periarticular erosion
No cure of RA • Rx aims to alleviate symptoms & delay progression
NSAIDS • Disease modifying agents • Steroids • Splintage • Physiotherapy • Surgery
surgery • Synovectomy • Tendon rupture : repair or transfer • Arthrodesis • Arthroplasty • Osteotmy