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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL. QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN PROJECTS. Prof. Dr. Rafiq Muhammad Choudhry BSc (Civil-Honor), MSc (CEM), PhD(CEM), Post-Doctorate(CEM), MIE(Pak), PE Tel: 051 90854130, Cell: 0334 5180723, Email: choudhry03@gmail.com

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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL

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  1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL

  2. QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN PROJECTS Prof. Dr. Rafiq Muhammad Choudhry BSc(Civil-Honor), MSc(CEM), PhD(CEM), Post-Doctorate(CEM), MIE(Pak), PE Tel: 051 90854130, Cell: 0334 5180723, Email: choudhry03@gmail.com Head, Department of Construction Engineering and Management, NIT School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Sector H-12, Islamabad

  3. Presentation Outline • What is Quality? • Quality Assurance (QA) • Quality Control (QC) • Total Quality Management (TQM) • Quality Management in Projects • Quality Management Research • Conclusion

  4. What is Quality? • Dad and son cycle across US • Dad keeps recognizing things on the trip • Used to be philosophy Prof.

  5. What is Quality? Quality … you know what it is, yet you don’t know what it is. But some things are better than others, that is, they have more quality.. ... Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, p. 163

  6. What is Quality? Obviously, some things are better than others … but what’s the “betterness”? So round and round you go, spinning mental wheels.. What the hell is Quality? What is it? Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, p. 164

  7. What is Quality?

  8. Quality Defined • A quality item is one that wears well, is well constructed, and will last a long time. • There are a variety of definitions. Three most commonly used are: • Achievement of excellence • Fitness for purpose • Conformance to requirements.

  9. Definition of Quality “Quality is conformance to requirements” -- Philip Crosby, “Quality is Free” 1979

  10. Importance of Quality • Lower costs (less labor, rework, scrap) • Reputation • Product reliability • Market Share • International competitiveness

  11. Quality Assurance (QA) Quality Assurance (QA) • QA is defined as “all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a structure, system will perform satisfactorily when in service.”

  12. ISO - What does it mean? “ISO” is a word from the Greek “isos,” meaning “equal”. It’s not an abbreviation.

  13. What is ISO certification? Does not guarantee a quality product. No inspection of the product is involved in certification. To get certified: • Have a written set of procedures for every activity • Have your employees always follow procedures • Pay someone to come and verify that you always follow your written procedures • If procedures are followed, your products should be consistently, uniformly good

  14. ISO Family of Standards • ISO 9001:2000 Basis for certification • ISO 9004:2000 to prepare for national quality award • ISO 10006 for project management • ISO 10007 for configuration management • ISO 10012 for measurement systems • ISO 10013 for quality documentation • ISO 10015 for training • ISO 19011 for auditing

  15. Certification Structure

  16. Quality Control (QC) Quality Control (QC) • Control is preventing things from getting out of hand. • QC are those quality assurance actions which provide a means to control and measure the characteristics of a material, structure, component, or system to established requirements.

  17. Concrete Technology

  18. Concrete and Steel Testing

  19. Testing Equipment

  20. Laboratory Testing Scalled Model Testing Timber Joint Testing

  21. Field Testing Soil Testing equipment Schmidt Hammer Test

  22. Soil Testing Equipment Soil Testing equipment

  23. Soil Testing Lab Soil Testing Lab

  24. Soil Testing Lab Soil Testing Lab

  25. Soil Testing Lab Soil Testing Lab

  26. Quality Assurance (QA) andQuality Control (QC) QA & QC • Assurance gives confidence that a satisfactory product is supplied to the owner. • Control is part of the process of quality assurance. • A client must be aware that he/she can only get a product he is willing/able to pay for.

  27. Quality Management (QM) • In order to assure the owner of a good product, we must manage the design and construction processes. Quality management is the term most suitable to our purpose. • “All actions, planned and systematic, necessary to provide the owner with a satisfactory product when in service under the constraints imposed by resources.”

  28. Total Quality Management (TQM) • Top management commitment • Input from customer • Involvement of workers at every level • Emphasis on design quality and process improvement • Decisions based on information instead of opinion • Continuous improvement through reducing variability

  29. Total Quality Management (TQM) • Team-work • Ongoing training, and can be attained by cascading steps: - Management awareness - Strategic planning - Implementation, and - Employees training

  30. Total Quality Management • Continuous Improvement • Employee empowerment, quality circles • Benchmarking - best at similar activities • Quality of suppliers - Just In Time

  31. TQM & Inspection • Inspection does not add value • Inspectors distrusted by workers • Increase quality and reduce need for inspectors • Have workers do own inspection • Before – are inputs good? • During – process happening properly? • After – conforms to standards?

  32. TQM QUALITY COSTS: GOOD, BAD, UGLY

  33. W. Edwards Deming • Statistics professor, specializing in acceptance sampling • Went to Japan after WW II • Helped Japanese focus on and improve quality • System (not employees) is cause of poor quality • Fourteen Points

  34. Deming’s Paradigms • Motivation • Management needs to improve and innovate processes to create results • Optimize the system toward its aim • Cooperation is better than competition

  35. Joseph Juran • Went to Japan in 1951 • Quality begins by knowing what customers want • 80% of defects are controllable • Quality Planning • Quality control • Quality improvement

  36. Philip B. Crosby • In 1960s “Quality is Free” • Management must be firmly behind any quality plans • Do it right the first time

  37. Quality Competitions Malcolm Baldridge Quality Award (U.S.) • Awarded to 3 companies each year • Named for Secretary of Commerce killed in rodeo accident (1987) Deming Prize (Japan) • Named after noted quality expert • Established in 1950

  38. Malcolm Baldrige • 1981-87 Secty. of Commerce. • Proponent of quality management as key to US economic survival • Helped draft early version of quality act • Resolved technology transfer differences with China and India

  39. Progress vs Time • Cost vs Tender and Budget • Quality vs Specifications TIME QUALITY CONTROL COST THREE ELEMENTS TO BE CONTROLLED IN A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

  40. Stakeholders OWNER DESIGNER Quality “Quality is the cement holding the owner, the designer, and constructor together in stable pattern where each supports the other in producing the successful project” CONSTRUCTOR

  41. What are the causes of deterioration in Quality? • Quality of design • Lower quality design results in lower quality construction and increased variation orders, resulting in increased cost of the project. • Other contributing factors:- • Corruption • Incompetent Contractors • Poor Project Management • Lack of Resources for Quality Management

  42. Construction Industry Needs • Quality “standard” that is currently available to the construction industry is the “ISO 9000” quality system. • This standard has for the most part been generally ignored by the construction industry in Pakistan.

  43. 2. Prevention over Inspection • Build Quality vs Inspected Quality • The cost of preventing mistakes is generally much less than the cost of correcting them by inspection

  44. 3. Management Responsibility Success requires the participation of all members of the team, but management is responsible to provide the resources to succeed

  45. 4. Continuous Improvement The “plan-do-check-act” cycle is the basis for quality improvement.

  46. THREE MAIN COMPONENTS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT 1) QUALITY CONTROL 2) QUALITY ASSURANCE 3) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

  47. Tools for Quality Management Check Sheets Pareto Charts Cause & Effect Diagrams Flowcharts Histograms Scatter Diagram Control Charts

  48. CHECK SHEETS Used to keep a record of the number and type of discontinuities over a specified period of time or within a certain batch of product.

  49. Check-List A Check-List containing the following elements : DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS FLOORING  FINISHING

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