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Formal Commands!

Formal Commands!. - ¡Sí señor!-. Commands in English… . … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it ’ s always “ you ” ) to tell people what they SHOULD do : Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!. Commands in English….

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Formal Commands!

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  1. Formal Commands! - ¡Sí señor!-

  2. Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they SHOULDdo: • Stand up! • Sit down! • Do your homework! • Take out the garbage! • Be quiet!

  3. Commands in English… … and what they should notdo: • Don’t write in your books! • Don’t speak English in Spanish class! • Don’t be silly!

  4. Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: • Tú: informal, singular • Vosotros: informal, plural • Usted: formal, singular • Ustedes: formal, plural • However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only. – Usted & Ustedes

  5. Let’s look at a few examples! What do you notice? • Hable despacio, por favor. • ¡Repita, por favor.! • Siéntese Usted aquí. • Entreguen Ustedes la tarea. • Hagan el ejercicio B. • No hagan el ejercicio A. • ¡No se levante Usted! • ¡No corran en la clase!

  6. Hable despacio, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? 1) Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO 2) Drop the –o: HABL- 3) “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –Eto form the command:HABLE • Translation: Talk!, Talk slower, please.

  7. Repita, por favor. • The speaker is talking to one person. • Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? 1) Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO 2) Drop the –o: REPIT- 3) “Repetir” is an –IR/-ER verb, so add –Ato form the command:REPITA • Translation: Repeat!, Repeat, please.

  8. Let’s reiterate:Opposite endings • Think of the verb adding the “opposite ending”: • AR verbs add an –E. • ER & IR verbs add an –A.

  9. Let’s try a couple! • Comer: ¡Eat! • ¡Coma! • Escribir: ¡Write! • ¡Escriba! • Tomar: ¡Take! • ¡Tome!

  10. For Ustedes… • HaganUstedes la tarea. • Right! Just add an -Nto the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

  11. Let’s try a couple more! • Comer: ¡Eat! • ¡Coman! • Escribir: ¡Write! • ¡Escriban! • Tomar: ¡Take! • ¡Tomen!

  12. ¡No! = DON’T!(add this to your notes) • How do we make negative commands in Spanish? • ¡No fume! • ¡No tome café! • ¡No coma tanto! • Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.

  13. Yo –go & Stem Changing Verbs • Haga la tarea. = Do your Homework! • HACER 1) (Put it in the YO form) HAGO 2) (Drop the –o) HAG___ 3) (Add the opposite ending) HAGA la tarea. • Vuelva a casa. = Return home! • VOLVER 1) (Put it in the YO form) VUELVO 2) (Drop the –o) VUELV___ 3) (Add the opposite ending) VUELVA a casa. • These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite ending.

  14. Very IrReGuLaR Formal Commands • These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: They have YO forms that do NOT end in “o” • Ser > sea(n) • Estar > esté(n) • Dar > dé(n) • Saber > sepa(n) • Ir > vaya(n) • (The present tense yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.)

  15. Some irregulars • Which irregular verb is being used in the command? • Haga la tarea. • Tenga paciencia. • Salga ahora. • Vuelva a casa. • Piense bien. • ¡Sea respetuso! • ¡Esté tranquila!

  16. -CAR, GAR, ZARverbs • These are Orthographic Verbs – meaning there is a spelling change to maintain the original sound of the verb. CAR  -que(n) • Buscar busco  bus__  busque(n) GAR  -gue(n) • llegarllego lleg__  llegue(n) ZAR  -ce(n) • empezarempiezo  empie__  empiece(n)

  17. Commands on the road • Go...! • Turn... • Continue... • Stop... • What are some others?

  18. En español... Regresar = to return Llegar = to arrive Empezar = to start/begin • Ir = to go • Subir = to go up • Bajar = to go down • Doblar/Girar = to turn • Seguir = to continue • Entrar = to enter • Parar = to stop • Pasar = to pass • Manejar = to drive • Tomar = to take

  19. ¿Cómo se dice? (USTED) • Stop. • Don’t turn left. • Pass the gas station. • Take the highway. • Don’t arrive late. • Follow the signs. • Start here. • Pare. • No doble a la izquierda. • Pase la gasolinera. • Tome la carretera. • No llegue tarde. • Siga las señales. • Empiece aquí.

  20. Tur de Columbus • Underline the commands. • Follow the directions, writing down your destinations.(1-10) • #11 – You must write the instructions!

  21. ¿Cómo se dice? (USTED) • Fry the fish. • Don’t mix the salad too much. • Don’t bake the eggs. • Boil them. • Don’t slice the carrots. • Mince them. • Fría el pescado. • No revuelva la ensalada demasiado. • No hornee los huevos. • Hiérvalos. • No corte en rebanadas las zanahorias. • Piqúelas.

  22. Commands in the kitchen • Cut...! • Chop... • Continue... • Boil... • What are some others?

  23. IT versus THEM IT = lo / la THEM = los / las Attach to the AFFIRMATIVE conjugation! Sírvala caliente. = (Sirve it hot.) Place in front of NEGATIVE conjugation! No la sirva frío. = (Don’t serve it cold.)

  24. ¡Levántese! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! • In affirmative commands, pronouns are attached to the end of the conjugated verb. • ¡Levántese! • ¡Levántense!

  25. ¡Levántese! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese! • In affirmative commands, pronouns are attached to the end of the conjugated verb. • ¡Levántese! • ¡Levántense!

  26. ¡No se levante! • What about reflexive verbs? • ¡Nose levante! ¡Nose siénte! • In negative commands, all pronouns precede the conjugated verb. • No se levante. • Nose levanten. • Nose siente. • Nose sienten.

  27. ¡Terminemos por ahora! • That’s all for now, but learn this concept well – the command form will be very important when we learn about our next verb tense – the subjunctive.

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