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This course provides an introduction to hazardous materials, emergency response training levels, and identification of hazardous materials and their associated hazards, as well as the use of markings and warning signs. It also covers incident management techniques and personal protective equipment.
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LOGISTICS • INTRODUCTIONS • REGISTRATION/PAPERWORK • CLASS RULES
OBJECTIVES • Define “Hazardous Materials” • Discuss Emergency Response Training Levels • Identify the Nine (9) Hazard Classes Defined by the DOT • Identify the Hazards Associated with each DOT Class • Identify Standard Occupancies Where Hazardous Materials may be Used and Stored
OBJECTIVES • Identify Container Shapes Associated with Hazardous Materials • Identify Both Facility-and Transportation-Related Markings and Warning Signs • Explain the Use of the NFPA 704 Marking System • Discuss the Use of Resources Available for Identification of Hazardous Materials
OBJECTIVES • Discuss Various Types of Incident Management Techniques • Describe the Use of Zones as it applies to Hazardous Material Incidents • Discuss Chemical and Physical Properties of Hazardous Materials • Discuss Approach Methods to a Suspected HAZMAT Incident • Discuss Criminal and Terrorist Activities pertaining to HAZMAT Incidents • Discuss Personal Protective Equipment
PLEASE NOTE: Local emergency response plans, S.O.G.’s, and notification procedures vary to some degree within different organizations. Therefore, it is recommended that local OES coordinate with responders in their respective jurisdictions to address these items.
Why Study Hazmat Awareness? Introduction to Hazardous Materials • Hazardous materials are used in or transported through every community • Required by OSHA 1910.120 • Prevent unnecessary and potentially dangerous exposures to hazardous materials
Hazmat vs. Standard Responses Introduction to Hazardous Materials • Hazmat responders require special training • Hazardous materials pose an unreasonable risk of long-term effects to people, property and the environment • Most hazmat incidents are more complex than standard emergencies
WHAT IS A “HAZARDOUS MATERIAL”? • DOT-”Any substance or material in any form or quantity that poses an unreasonable risk to safety, health, or property when transported in commerce.” • EPA-”A chemical released into the environment that could be potentially harmful to the public’s health or welfare.” • OSHA-”Those chemicals that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the workplace.” • WORKING DEFINITION-”Any substance that can hurt or harm living organisms or the environment when it escapes it’s containment system.”
EMERGENCY RESPONDER TRAINING LEVELS-HAZMAT • AWARENESS • OPERATIONS • TECHNICIAN • SPECIALIST • INCIDENT COMMANDER
Awareness-Level Responsibilities Awareness-level first responders are expected to recognize the presence of hazardous materials, protect themselves and others, request appropriately trained personnel, and secure the area.
Detecting Hazardous Materials O B J E C T I V E Given different facility or transportation situations, awareness-level first responders shall be able to identify those situations where hazardous materials are present.
Informal Detection Methods O B J E C T I V E S Awareness-Level Responders Will Be Able to: • Identify typical locations where hazardous materials are manufactured, transported, stored, used, or disposed of • Describe the methods and limitations of using human senses to detect hazardous materials
Transportation Informal Detection Methods • Roadways • Railways • Waterways • Pipelines • Airways
Fixed Facilities Informal Detection Methods • Large manufacturing or storage plants • Service stations • Doctors’ offices • Hardware stores • Dry cleaners • Paint supply stores
Fixed Facilities Informal Detection Methods • Docks or piers • Airplane hangers • Railroad stations • Truck terminals
Using Your Senses Informal Detection Methods • Sight • Liquids pooling on the floor/ground • Chemical reactions taking place • Vapor cloud or fire • Injured persons in the area • Condensation lines on pressurized tanks • Corrosive reactions taking place • Boiling of unheated substances
Using Your Senses Informal Detection Methods • Sounds • Hissing from pressurized materials being released • Banging or creaking from overstressed containers • Odors • Smell of a gas leak • Burning materials
Looking at the product too closely Smelling the product Limitations of Senses Informal Detection Methods
Touching the product Tasting the product Limitations of Senses Informal Detection Methods
Facility and Transportation Markings O B J E C T I V E S Awareness-Level Responders Will Be Able to: • Identify the following hazmat markings: • UN/NA ID numbers • Special situation markings • NFPA 704 marking system • DOT placards • Military hazmat markings • Special hazard communications • Pipeline markings • Container markings
Facility and Transportation Markings O B J E C T I V E S Awareness-Level Responders Will Be Able to: • Identify and describe the colors, numbers, and special symbols of the NFPA 704 marking system • Identify and describe the information represented by a DOT placard’s colors, numbers, and symbols
UN/NA Identification Numbers Facility and Transportation Markings • Two-Part System • Part I: Divides hazardous materials into nine hazard classes • Part II: Assigns a four-digit number to specific materials for identification purposes
UN/NA Identification Numbers Facility and Transportation Markings • UN Hazard Classes • 1 Explosives • 2 Gases • 3 Flammable Liquids • 4 Flammable Solids • 5 Oxidizers • 6 Poisons and Infectious Substances • 7 Radioactive Substances
UN/NA Identification Numbers Facility and Transportation Markings • UN Hazard Classes • 8 Corrosives • 9 Hazardous materials not otherwise classified • ORM-D Other regulated materials
UN/NA Identification Numbers Facility and Transportation Markings Four Digit UN/NA Identification Numbers
Hazard Class Designation Or Four-digit Identification Number Hazard Class Symbol United Nations Hazard Class Number Colored Background DOT Placards Facility and Transportation Markings
Special Situation Transportation Markings Facility and Transportation Markings • Marine Pollutant • Displayed on bulk shipping packages containing materials designated as marine pollutants
Special Situation Transportation Markings Facility and Transportation Markings • Elevated Temperature Materials • Bulk containers must be marked on each side and each end with the word “HOT”
Special Situation Transportation Markings Facility and Transportation Markings • Inhalation Hazard • Used on materials considered to be hazardous when inhaled
Special Situation Transportation Markings Facility and Transportation Markings • Commodity Markings (Stencils) • Tank cars transporting the following materials must have the name of the commodity marked on both sides of the tank: • Anhydrous ammonia • Ammonia solutions containing more than 50% ammonia • Flammable gases (Division 2.1) • Poison gases (Division 2.3)
Fire Hazard Reactivity Health Hazard Special Precautions NFPA 704 System Facility and Transportation Markings
NFPA 704 System – Health Hazards Extreme: Highly Toxic • Short-term exposure may be fatal • Special protective equipment required Serious: Toxic • Avoid inhalation or skin contact
NFPA 704 System – Health Hazards Moderate: Moderately Toxic • May be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin Slight: Slightly Toxic • May cause slight irritation Minimal • All chemicals have some degree of toxicity
NFPA 704 System – Flammability Hazards Extreme: Extremely flammable gas or liquid • Flash Point below 73°F Serious: Flammable • Flash Point 73°F to 100°F Moderate: Combustible • Requires moderate heating to ignite • Flash Point 100°F to 200°F
NFPA 704 System – Flammability Hazards Slight: Slightly Combustible • Requires strong heating to ignite Minimal: • Will not burn under normal conditions
NFPA 704 System – Reactivity Hazards Extreme • Explosive at room temperature Serious • May explode if shocked or heated under confinement or mixed with water
NFPA 704 System – Reactivity Hazards Moderate • Unstable, may react with water Slight • May react if heated or mixed with water Minimal • Normally stable, does not react with water
NFPA 704 System – Special Precautions Corrosive Water Reactive Oxidizer Radioactive
Military Markings • Used by US military installations and transport vehicles • Identifies detonation, fire, and special hazards • Military ordinance is designed to create bodily harm and property damage
Military Markings - Explosives Facility and Transportation Markings • 1 – Mass Detonation Hazard • 2 – Explosive with Fragmentation Hazard
Military Markings - Explosives Facility and Transportation Markings • 3 – Mass Fire Hazard • 4 – Moderate Fire Hazard
Military Markings - Chemical Facility and Transportation Markings • Highly Toxic • Harassing Agents
Military Markings - Chemical Facility and Transportation Markings • White Phosphorus Munitions • Apply No Water
Military Markings - Chemical Facility and Transportation Markings • Wear Protective Breathing Apparatus
DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions O B J E C T I V E S Awareness-Level Responders Will Be Able to: • Identify U.S. and Canadian placards that indicate the presence of hazardous materials • Identify the DOT hazard classes and divisions assigned to hazardous materials