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Social learning and culture

Social learning and culture. Forms Audio-vocal learning Consequences Rate of transmission Traditions and culture. Forms of social learning. Local enhancement Locate foraging sites by attending to others Social facilitation Animals feed faster in a group Observational learning (copying)

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Social learning and culture

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  1. Social learning and culture • Forms • Audio-vocal learning • Consequences • Rate of transmission • Traditions and culture

  2. Forms of social learning Local enhancement • Locate foraging sites by attending to others Social facilitation • Animals feed faster in a group Observational learning (copying) • Observer modifies behavior after demonstrator Imitation • Observer matches behavioral action and goal Teaching • Demonstrator performs behavior only to naïve observer

  3. Local enhancement in cliff swallows

  4. Social facilitation in ravens

  5. Diet transfer in rats Observational learning

  6. Diet tradition in Norway rats

  7. Imitation in rats?

  8. Pine cone learning in rats, a natural example of imitation?

  9. “Teaching” to mob

  10. Observational conditioning

  11. Social learning dilemma • Observational learning reduces costs by minimizing errors. Do we expect everyone in a population to use observational learning? • No, because someone has to figure out the correct behavior first. • Asocial learners = producers, social learners = scroungers • Expect social learning to be used selectively

  12. Scrounging can interfere with skill acquisition

  13. Song learning requires a learned “template”

  14. Acquisition of template can be influeced by social experience Live tutor present

  15. Dialects in white-crowned sparrows - a cultural tradition?

  16. Whistle sharing in bottlenose dolphins • Males form alliances that persist for many years • Dolphins can imitate sounds • Alliance partners share whistle types

  17. Greater spear-nosed bats learn group distinctive calls

  18. Vervet alarm calls

  19. Alarm calls refer to predators

  20. Development of vervet alarm calls

  21. Vervet infants learn when to call

  22. Rate of change depends on form of transfer

  23. Observational learning can lead to epidemic rates of change

  24. Cream stealing by blue tits

  25. Observational learning can create traditions (culture)

  26. Evolutionary consequences Transmission type Instinct Imprinting Individual Social Transmission speed slow slow medium fast Environmental tracking low medium high medium Cost of mistakes high high low low Error frequency low low high medium Exploitability high medium lowmedium

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