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The United Nations and their Charter

The United Nations and their Charter. Unit 26. Learning outcomes of the Unit 2 6. Students will be able to: describe the historical development of the UN (including LON) list the main bodies of the UN and explain their function s ay how and when the Charter of the UN came into force

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The United Nations and their Charter

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  1. The United Nations and their Charter Unit 26

  2. Learning outcomes of the Unit 26 • Students will be able to: • describe the historical development of the UN (including LON) • list the main bodies of the UN and explain their function • say how and when the Charter of the UN came into force • explain why the Charter is important for the International Court of Justice • Name the key purposes and the main principles of the UN (in accordance with the original text of the Charter, Article 1 and 2 – textbook) • describe shortly the relations between the Republic of Croatia and the UN (Croatia’s membership) • be familiar with the main facts about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Bill of Human Rights • translate key expressions related to the topic

  3. History – PART I THE PRECURSOR to the United Nations = The League of Nations (LON) - an intergovernmental organization - founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference. - from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members.

  4. LON’s goals • preventing war through collective security, disarmament • settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration ADDITIONAL issues the LON worked on: labour conditions,just treatment of native inhabitants, trafficking in persons and drugs, arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe

  5. PROBLEMS – the end of the LON • The League lacked its own armed force • depended on the Great Powers to enforce its resolutions, • keep to economic sanctions which the League ordered, or provide an army, when needed • Sanctions could also hurt the League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them • incapable of preventing aggression by the Axispowers in the 1930s • Germany withdrew from the League, soon followed by other aggressive powers. • The onset of World War II= the League had failed its primary purpose - to avoid any future world war.

  6. History – PART II • Opened for signature on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco (Conference on International Organizations, presence of 50 member countries) - Entered into force October 24, 1945after being ratified by the five permanent members of the SECURITY COUNCIL: the People’s Republic of China, France, the Russian Federation, the UK and the USA The Charter of the UN

  7. Main bodies of the UN Secretariat General Assembly Security Council International Court of Justice Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council Aninterestingsource for yourresearch Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs - a legal publication containing analytical studies of the decisions of the principal organs of the United Nations. - serves to throw light on questions of application and interpretation of the UN Charter

  8. Secretariat • an international staff working in duty stations around the world • carries out diverse day-to-day work of the Organization • services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them • dutiesincludeadministering peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development • At its head is the Secretary-General • currently the post is occupied by AntónioGuterresfrom Portugal, who took office on 1 January 2017 (5 yearsrenewabletermof office) .

  9. The General Assembly • the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations • 193 Members of the United Nations • a unique forum for multilateral discussion of of international issues covered by the Charter. At the following link you can watch a video about the history and work of the General Assembly • http://webtv.un.org/watch/the-world-is-watching-will-you/1799012617001

  10. United Nations Security Council • Under the Charter, the Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. • It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote. • 5 permanent members with veto power and 10 non-permanent members, elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term. • meets at any given time when the need arises. • Rotating presidency: members take turn at holding the presidency for one month. • takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. • can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security. • recommends to the General Assembly the appointment of the Secretary-General and the admission of new Members to the United Nations. • together with the General Assembly, it elects the judges of the International Court of Justice.

  11. The International Court of Justice • located at the Hague in the Netherlands • established in June 1945 bythe Charter of the United Nations (The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter) • began work in April 1946. • the principal judicial organ of the United Nations • settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies • Its Statute is an integral part of the United Nations Charter.

  12. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) • established by the UN Charter • the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations • voting in the Council is by simple majority; each member has one vote. Visit the following web-site presenting the bodies of the ECOSOC to get an insight into its activities: http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/about/subsidiary.shtml

  13. The Trusteeship Council • established in 1945 by the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States • TheTrusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council -China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States. • had to ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. • by 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence(Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory). Its work was completed. • the Council has amended its rules of procedure to meet as and where occasion may require.

  14. POSITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA • In May 1992 Croatia gained International recognition as a UN Member state. On May 3, 2010, Ivan Šimonovićwas appointed UN Assistant Secretary-General for human rights.

  15. Work on the text The textbook: CHAPTER I Article 1 – the Purposes of the UN Article 2 – Principles for the work of the organization and its members

  16. Article 1 • Write down the pruposes of the UN in the form of to-inifinitives • to maintain… • to take • to…

  17. Article 2 • List theprinciples for the work ofthe UN 1. theprincipleofsovereign … 2. 3. …

  18. Connect the expressions with their definitions.

  19. One of the big UN achievements...UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS • adopted by the United Nations GeneralAssemblyon December 10, 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris • based on the experience of the Second World War • represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are entitled • consists of 30 articles

  20. The Declaration is a part of THE INTERNATIONAL BILLOF HUMAN RIGHT • an informal name given to two international treaties and one General Assembly resolution established by the United Nations. It consists of: 1. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in 1948), 2. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) with its two Optional Protocols and 3. the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). The two covenants entered into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them.

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