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Formulating the Research Design

Formulating the Research Design. Faisal Abbas, PhD Lecture 9 th. Action Research. Focuses on and emphasizes the purpose of the research: the management of change.

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Formulating the Research Design

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  1. Formulating the Research Design Faisal Abbas, PhD Lecture 9th

  2. Action Research • Focuses on and emphasizes the purpose of the research: the management of change. • Relates to the involvement of the practitioner in the research and in particular a close cooperation between practitioners and researchers. • The third and final is that action research should have implications beyond the immediate project. • In other words it must be clear that the results could inform other context.

  3. Key Features • Research in action and not ON action • Involves practitioners • Researcher becomes part of the organisation • Promotes change within the organisation • Can have two distinct foci (Schein, 1999): 1). the aim of the research 2). the needs of the sponsor

  4. Grounded Theory • Collection of data starts without the formation of an initial theoretical framework. • Theory is created from data made by a series of observations. • Like PSLSMS, PDHS, NNS etc ….. • Financial Statistics for example.

  5. Contd…… Key Features • Theory is built through induction and deduction • Helps to predict and explain behaviour • Develops theory from data generated by observations • Interpretative process.

  6. Ethnographic Research • To interpret the social world the research subject inhabits and the way in which they interpret it. • Key Features • Describe and explain the social world inhabited by the researchers and the subject. • Takes place over an extended time period. • Naturalistic

  7. Naturalism • Meaning that researcher will be researching the phenomenon within the context in which it occurs and, • In addition, not using data collection techniques that oversimplify the complexities of everyday life. • It is not surprising that most ethnographic strategies involve extended participant observation. • The term naturalism also refers to the use of the principles of scientific method and the use of a scientific model within research.

  8. Time Horizon • Selecting appropriate time horizon for example; Cross Sectional the study of a particular phenomenon (or phenomena) at a particular time. Longitudinal the change and development over a period of time.

  9. Credibility of research findings Important considerations • Reliability • Validity • Generalisability • Logic hurdles and false assumptions

  10. Research design ethics Must Remember The research design should not subject the; Research population to embarrassment, Harm them and/or Lead to other material disadvantages Adapted from Saunders et al, (2009)

  11. Summary Research design turns research question and objectives into a proposal/project that considers; Strategies Choices Time horizons

  12. Summary Research projects can be categorised as Exploratory Descriptive Explanatory Research projects may be Cross-sectional Longitudinal

  13. Summary Important considerations • The main research strategies may combined in the same project • The validity and reliability of results • Access and ethical considerations

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