OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY SECTOR

4th Annual Conference & Exhibition For Metering, Billing and Customer Service In Electricity Industry in the Middle East & Africa OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY SECTOR Eng. Maher Soliman Matta Head of South Cairo Network Sectors Cairo Electricity Distribution Co. Eng. Azza Abdel Hady General manager for technical planning affairs Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. Eng. Ramadan F.A. El-Fetouh Senior planning Engineer Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. October 2003

Abstract  The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893, the generation and distribution were owned by private companies for about 70 years.  In July 2001, significant changes in the structure of the electricity and energy sector took place, production and distribution were unbundled.

Abstract  The power system in Egypt serves about 19.2 million customers of which about 16.5 million residential.  The total annual energy meters required is about 1018116 meters.  The metering system in Egypt still depends on the electromechanical meters that have many disadvantages including low accuracy.

Abstract  Today's energy measurement application demand that energy meters be both intelligentand powerful to satisfyELECTRIC UTILITESchallenges of accurate measurement besides information needed for improving power quality, customer service and planning for future, a complete energy measurement and a communication system can integrate Power Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load Profiling, Cutoffs Reporting and more.

Abstract  This presentation will briefly give an OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTRICITYAND ENERGY SECTOR ,the specifications ofELECTRONIC METRESandAUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM (AMR)accepted byELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES IN EGYPT.

Agenda  Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector  Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS  Features and Capabilities  Technical Specifications  AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM  System Features and Capabilities  Meter Interface Unit ( MIU )  Hand Held Unit ( HHU )  Data Collecting Unit ( DCU )  Features and Capabilities Of Workstation  Reports Required From The Workstation

Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector  The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893 through private companies for about 70 years until the nationalization took place in 1962.  In February 1976, the Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) was established under the jurisdiction of the Ministry Of Electricity and Energy (MOEE).  EEA was given the exclusive right to generate, transmit and distribute electricity throughout the whole country.

Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector  In 1984, the Peoples Assembly cancelled the EEA’s exclusive right to generate and transmit electricity.  In 1996, law No. 100 grant local and foreign investors concessions to Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) power generation stations.  In April 1996, EEA started the activities related to the BOOT power project.

Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Power Sector in Egypt Current Situation  In 2000, the Egyptian Electricity Authority became the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC), a joint stock company.  In July 2001, unbundling the production, transmission and distribution functions took place.  The following chart illustrates the last arrangement of the power and energy sector in Egypt.

Ministry Of Electricity And Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Co. Egyptian Electricity Transmission Co. Production Companies Distribution Companies Cairo Cairo East Delta Alexandria West Delta Canal Upper Egypt North Delta Hydro plants South Delta Beheira Middle Egypt Upper Egypt

Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Power System Technical Indicators 2002/2003 Figures  Installed Capacity : 17331 MW Thermal : 13158 MW (about 76 %) Hydro : 2745 MW (about 16 %) Private Sector : 1365 MW (about 7 %) Wind : 63 MW  Peak Load : 14401 MW

Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector Power System Technical Indicators 2002/2003 Figures  Number of Customers : about 19.2 million Residential : about 16.5 million Commercial : about 1.5 million Industry : about 0.4 million Other sectors : about 0.8 million The total annual required meters : 1018116 Single phase meters : 955000 Three phase meters : 63116

Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  Electronic Meters • Have no moving parts or magnets that affect the accuracy of measurements. • Have the ability of discovering and registering by date and time stamp wrong connections such as current reverse , phase sequence reverse and voltage absence. • Not affected by the external magnetic fields.

Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  Electronic Meters • Meters have increased sensitivity, it can achieve a very high level of accuracy ( Class 0.2 ) that extends over a wide current dynamic range. • Meter inclination has no effect to the meter accuracy. • Needn’t any calibration through their lifetime, have easy and stable calibration without hardware adjustment

Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  Electronic Meters • Can work properly over a wide range of voltage i.e. not affected by voltage drop. • Regarding to Industrial Loads one meter can measure the following : Active energy. Reactive energy.  Max. demand by date and time stamp. • Life time of the meter extends to 30 yearsand moreand have low power consumption.

Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  Electronic Meters • Easily enable new functionalities such as automatic meter reading (AMR), multi-tariff billing, prepayment, load shedding, power outage detection, power factor detection and load profile. • The meters can manipulate Fraud and Tamper also can register the time and date of its occurrence.

Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical any more?  Electronic Meters • The accuracy of the meter is not affected by aging it’s stable over time and temperature. • Have flexibility of design and can easily be reconfigured and updated (software update).

Conclusion  Electronic meter is an advanced economical solution for growing energy measurement requirements of ELECTRIC UTILITES. Electronic-Meters And Not Electro-Mechanical Any More.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  Tamper-proof design and construction • Have current sensing for both phase and neutral, registers the energy consumption correctly under tampered conditions. • Consumption is not affected by polarity sequence. • Visual annunciation in the form of LEDfrom front takes place in case of opening terminals box or meter cover.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  Tamper-proof design and construction • Records the full energy consumed even in case of: • Reversal of input and output terminals. • Phase terminals are externally by passed. • Load is partially or fully drawn through external earth. • Phase-in and phase-out connections are shorted.

Reversal of input and output terminals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 × L1 L2 × × × L3 × × N Consumption iscorrectly registered

Phase terminals are externally by passed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L1 × L2 × × × L3 × × N Consumption is correctly registered

Phase-in and phase-out connection are shorted Imbalance Detection Consumption is correctly registered L1 L2 L3 N

Load is partially or fully drawn through external earth Imbalance Detection Consumption is correctly registered L1 L2 L3 N Load

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities • Equipped with LED for meter testing, calibration and operation indication. • Retention time of the Non-volatile memory shall not be less than 20 years even in case of power failure. • Not affected by power failure, it contains early detection means of power failure, which permits control circuits to store data of consumption, and configure the circuit for this failure.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities • The housing endures shocks and operation conditions. It is made of heat resistant and flame retardant material. • Doesn’t contain moving parts “solid state meter”. • Doesn’t contain parts that need periodic replacement. • Life – time of the screen is not less than life–time of the meter.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities • Doesn’t require any calibration or maintenance, stability of meter accuracy is guaranteed during its life time. • Metering element is shielded against external magnetic fields and protected against over volts and high frequency disturbances. • Doesn’t generate electro-magnetic waves or harmonics that may interfere other instruments or be superimposed on power lines.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  In case of Industrial loads Equipped with a clock, a calendar to get real time and date accurately which has a backup power means that ensures the operation of the clock during the power failure and doesn’t need periodic replacement.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  In case of Industrial loads Can be programmed by multi-rate tariff, controlled by internal timing circuitry and a built in tariff time switch module, has a minimum of 8 switching times and capable of providing different programmable tariff structures for week end and holiday periods.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  In case of Industrial loads Can be tested and programmed in laboratory or by portable Hand Held Unit(HHU) from front of the meter through communication port according to IEC 1107 which is used to load tariff programs, retrieve, or modify registered data without removing the meter cover.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  In case of Industrial loads  Records the following events (by date and time stamp): • Missing voltage. • Current reversal.Current short / open. • Opened cover or terminal-box cover. • Tamper and fraud occurrences.  On each event an annunciation takes place (a symbolic representation on theLCDscreen orLEDindication from front of the meter).

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Features and Capabilities  In case of applying A.M.R system A Contactor and a push button shall be fitted as integral parts to the electronic meter, according to standard specifications IEC 158 – 1,2 in order to disconnect and reconnect the supply. The push button is used to restore the supply if it was shut down by the contactor according to the company’s instructions through the communication media and the system software, after removing the cause of disconnection.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications Reference standard International Standard specifications “IEC-61036” or equivalent.  Description Electronic Meters designed for measurement of electric energy (low voltage 220 / 380 V) consumed by customers. The meters are suitable for household, commercial, industrial applications and the installation inside, distribution kiosks and boxes by direct or through current transformer connection.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Description • The meter housing and it’s cover shall be of robust construction made of polycarbonate. They are heat-resistant and flame retardant according to“IEC 695-2-1”. • The meter and the terminals cover shall be held by a cross drilled and sealed security screws.“The meter and the terminals box shall be leaded and stamped”.They shall be provided by a means of tamper and fraud detection

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Terminal - Box

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Voltage Single Phase, operating voltage220 ± 20 % Three phase, operating voltage380 ± 20 % • Current Single Phase; XA / 220 V, 2 wires. Three phase; XA/380 V, 4 wires. (X, according to the company’s requirement) • Frequency 50 Hz ± 2 %

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Measuring Single Phase : KWH consumed, max. demand (option). Three phase: XA/380V KWH, KVARH, max. demand and power factor. : X/5A with C.T KWH, KVARH, max. demand and power factor. • Accuracy Class Class 1

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Connection Single phase : 2 wires, Direct connection. Three phase : 4 wires, Direct connection or through current transformers. • No of Sealing Top cover :2 Terminal box :1

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Display Screen • Fully electronicLCD,display is retained during loss of power. • 6 digitsat least, display area not less than20 mm2for each digit. • Registers shall reset to zero after they have reached their max. indication999999. • All registered data about consumption, reverse energy and aggregate shall be displayed.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Other annunciation on LCD screen A symbolic annunciation is present on the LCD screen to indicate the following: • Phase present indication. • Phase sequence monitoring (blinking in case of reverse phase sequence). • Tariff information. • LED Indications Tamper and fraud detection. Opened cover or terminal box.

Electronic Power and Energy Meters Technical Specifications • Energy Consumption Power Consumption in voltage circuits <2 W Power Consumption in current circuits < 4 VA • Relative Humidity Zeroto90 %or better • Temperature Range (operation) 5°Cto70°Cambient temperature for electronic components inside the meter up to80°C. • Degree of protection IP 51 • Data retention Not less than20 years (un-powered).

Central Work Station Energy Management M/S Concentrator Concentrator 10.5kv380/220v 380/220v 10.5kv modem modem Automatic Meter Reading System Scheme G S M Watt-hour Meters equipped with two- way communication

Automatic Meter Reading System( AMR ) System Features and Capabilities • The system provides dependable bi-directional communication between connected electricity meters and the central workstation for transmitting, receiving data required for the existing metering and / or billing system (s), downloading / modifying tariff structure programs and instructions, generate graphs of load profile, demand analysis and any other metering applications required.

Automatic Meter Reading System( AMR ) System Features and Capabilities • The software and data transmitted shall be compatible with the existing (household, commercial, light industrial, industrial) metering and / or billing application (s) found in the company. • On-line and real time access to the connected meters from the central workstation or the Data Collecting Unit (DCU) for the purpose of uploading modifying new metering programs.

Automatic Meter Reading System( AMR ) System Features and Capabilities • On-line warning (alarm / visual annunciation) in the event of tampering and the software is capable of identifying fraudulent use of electricity. • The system shall act as a load limit device, it shall facilitate remote load limit setting using the system software and the communication media. • The system shall monitor LV losses by comparing the consumption of the consumers and the total power consumed downstream the distribution transformer.

Automatic Meter Reading System( AMR ) System Features and Capabilities • Have the capability to introduce and operate pre-payment system to any connected electronic meter according to the company’s requirements using the integral contactor fitted with the meter to disconnect and reconnect power supply at the meter by an external command remotely activated through the bi-directional communication media. • The system shall disconnect the power supply in case of un-payment for consumption through a command remotely activated from the workstation or the data collecting unit.

Automatic Meter Reading System( AMR ) Technical Specfications of Meter Interface Unit ( MIU ) • Definition An intelligent unit housed on a plug-in circuit board that is factory installed or can be easily added later as a field upgrade to the electronic meters or a separate unit installed with electro-mechanical meters, used to transmit data from the meter to theDCUand from theDCU to the meters through the power line carrierLV.

OVERVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY SECTOR