Abnormal Umbilical Cord Puerperium

1. Abnormal Umbilical CordPuerperium Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Bai Xiaoxia

2. Abnormal cord length Cord entanglement Knot of cord Torsion of cord Abnormal cord insertion Cord presentation and cord prolapse Single umbilical artery Abnormal Umbilical Cord

3. Normal cord length is 30-70cm(30-100cm), averagely50cm( 55cm) Short cord: <30cm is defined as short cord, may lead to fetal distress, placental abruptio, prolonged labour Long cord: >80(100cm) is defined as long cord, higher occurrence of cord around neck, cord around body, cord knot, cord prolapse and cord compression Abnormal cord length

4. Marginal cord insertion into placenta, known as racket placenta Cord insertion onto membrane, runs between chorionic membrane and amniotic membrane before inserting into placenta, known as velamentous cord insertion Blood vessels on membrane passing internal cervical os anterior to fetal presenting part, known as vasa previa Velamentous cord insertion, commonly seen with single umbilical artery In vasa previa rupture, blood loss of 200-300ml can lead to fetal demise Abnormal cord insertion

7. velamentous cord insertion

8. velamentous cord insertion

9. Cord located anterior or lateral to fetal presenting part, known as cord presentation, also known as occult cord prolapse At membrane rupture, cord prolapse out of cervical os, descending into vagina, known as cord prolapse Cord prolapse is life-threatening to the fetus Cord presentation and Cord prolapse

10. Cord presentation

11. Cord prolapse

12. Knot of cord

13. Cord entanglement

14. Cord entanglement

15. puerperium puerperial morbidity puerperial infection late postpartum hemorrhage involution of uterus lochia The puerperium and complicationsdefinition

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