Understanding Ecosystems!

1. Understanding Ecosystems! Reminder: student learning activities are at the end of this power point.

2. Common Core/ Next Generation Science Addressed MS‐LS2‐2. -Construct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems. MS‐LS2‐5.- Evaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. RST.6‐8.1-Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (MS‐LS1‐6),(MS‐LS2‐1),(MS‐LS2‐4) RST.6‐8.7-Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). (MS‐LS2‐1) SL.8.5-Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points. (MS‐LS3‐1),(MS‐LS3‐2)

3. Career Cluster – Agriculture Food and Natural Resources • Pathway Content Standard: The student will demonstrate competence in the application of scientific principles and techniques to the management of environmental service systems. • Pathway Content Standard: The student will demonstrate competence in the application of scientific principles and techniques to the management of environmental service systems.

4. Bell Work! • What type of environmental problems do we face here in New Mexico? • What type of forests are found in New Mexico? • Where would you find an ecosystem?

5. Interest Approach Ask the students if they were on a deserted island with only 10 pounds of corn and a dairy goat, what would they do? Would they eat the corn and the goat? Would they eat the goat and plant the corn? Would they plant some of the corn and feed the rest to the goat? Approach Two: Daily factors affect the relationship between the environment and living organisms. Ask students to identify some of the relationships. These relationships will be investigated in this lesson.

6. Student Learning Objectives 1. Explain the role of ecology in the environment. 2. Describe community organization, structure, and food chains. 3. Describe natural selection and succession. 4. Explain homeostasis. 5. Identify population ecology and trends affecting population growth. 6. Identify and distinguish between biomes.

7. Biome Biosphere Carnivore Community Competition Decomposer Ecology Ecosystem Food chain Habitat Herbivore Homeostasis Natural selection Niche Omnivore Terms

8. Terms Population density Population ecology Predation Producer Succession Transformer

9. Objective 1: Explain the role of ecology in the environment.

10. What is the role of Ecology in the Environment? Ecologyis the study of how living organisms exist in their environment.

11. What is the role of Ecology in the Environment? A. Biosphereis the area of the earth that supports life. B. An Ecosystemis a self-contained living system. Forestry Supply Company

12. What is the role of Ecology in the Environment? 1. The biotic portion of an ecosystem is living. 2. The abiotic portion is non-living. 3. The biotic portion relies on the abiotic portion. For example, plants, which are biotic, require soil nutrients, which are abiotic. 4. The biotic portion may rely on other biotic factors. For example, animals eat plants.

13. Artwork supplied with permission of Interstate Publishers, Inc

14. Objective Two Describe community organization, structure, and food chains.

15. How does the Community Function? A Communityis a collection of plants and animals that live together.

16. Artwork supplied with permission of Interstate Publishers, Inc

17. How does the Community Function? Habitat is the natural home of a plant or animal. 1. The interactions of biotic and abiotic factors form habitats. 2. Habitat may be terrestrial (land), aquatic (water), or a combination (wetland). 3. A change in a portion of the habitat affects all organisms present.

18. How does the Community Function? A Nicheis the special way of living that an organism has in a community. 1. It includes available food, shelter, way of life, and relationships. 2. Each organism makes unique contributions to its habitat.

19. How does the Community Function? The Food chainis the sequence in which the living organisms in a community obtain their food. 1. Producersare plants that make food through photosynthesis. 2. Transformersare organisms that take in producers and synthesize more complex forms of food. 3. Decomposersare organisms that break down organic materials into their constituents for re-use by the environment.

21. How does the Community Function? Feeding groups are segments of a food chain that consume certain types of food. 1. Herbivoresare animals that eat only plants. 2. Carnivoresare animals that eat only flesh of other animals. 3. Omnivoresare animals that eat both plants and animals.

22. Objective Three Describe natural selection and succession.

23. What is Natural Selection and Succession? Organisms must adapt to changes in their environment to survive.

24. What is Natural Selection and Succession? Natural selectionis when life forms that are best adapted to their environment survive longer and leave more offspring. 1. Adaptation occurs when species tolerate changes in the environment. 2. Advantageous traits are emphasized in natural selection, i.e. more dominant features are passed on to offspring.

25. What is Natural Selection and Succession? Succession is replacement of one community with another. 1. The species with the lowest biomass grow first. 2. Natural events or human interference control the speed of succession.

27. Objective 4: Explain Homeostasis

28. What is Homeostasis? • Homeostasisis the ability of an organism to maintain a fairly constant internal environment when the external environment changes.

29. What is Homeostasis? B. The organism is affected by: 1. Climate 2. Moisture 3. Temperature 4. Light 5. Soil 6. Periodicity (when things occur in regular intervals)

30. Objective 5 Identify population ecology and trends affecting population growth.

31. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population ecologyis the study of how populations of organisms affect each other in a community.

32. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population ecology considers three primary factors. 1. Population densityis the measure of how crowded organisms are in a community. A. A higher density means more competition for resources. B. Weaker individuals may not survive in areas of high population density.

33. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population ecology considers three primary factors. (continued) 2. The age of a population is classified as: A.Pre-reproductive: young organisms not yet reproducing. B.Reproductive: age at which reproduction occurs. C.Post reproductive: past normal age of reproduction.

34. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population ecology considers three primary factors. (continued) 3. Distribution describes the spatial relation between organisms in the community. A. Some organisms will cluster (i.e. squirrels around a tree). B. Some scattering is often needed (i.e. trees require space to grow).

35. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population growth studies the natural trends in the population of a community. 1.Immigration: organisms move into a community. 2.Emigration: organisms move out of a community. 3.Natality: production of new individuals in a community. 4.Mortality: death rate of a community.

36. What are population ecology and what trends affect populationgrowth? Population growth studies the natural trends in the population of a community. (continued) 5.Competition:organisms share the same resources to live. A. Increased competition may stunt growth. B. Competition may be created by increasing population density. 6.Predation:one living organism serves as food for another.

37. Objective 6 Identify and distinguish between biomes.

38. How are biomes different? Biomes: are unique combinations of plants and animals.

39. How are biomes different? A. There are five major terrestrial biomes. 1.Tropical forests are characterized by a warm, wet climate. 2.Temperate forests are common forests in the U.S. 3.Grasslands and savannas are areas where grasses normally grow.

40. How are biomes different? A. There are five major terrestrial biomes(continued) 4. Tundra (low temperature and short growing season) and taiga (cold climate with conifer forests) represent minimal diversity. 5. Deserts support some plant and animals.

41. How are biomes different? B. There are four major aquatic biomes that are dependent on water type and movement. 1.Lakes and ponds: provide a habitat for freshwater organisms. 2.Streams: vary by water temperature and water flow.

42. How are biomes different? B. There are four major aquatic biomes that are dependent on water type and movement. (continued) 3.Oceans: provide a suitable habitat for organisms that would not survive in freshwater. 4.Wetlands: (i.e. swamps and marshes) and estuaries (saltwater or freshwater where streams flow into oceans) are land areas that are affected by water.

43. Review / Summary • What is Ecology? • Identify the term community. • How is a Niche and a Community alike and how are they different? • Identify the correct term for animals that eat plants, animals that eat meat, and animals that eat both plants and meat.

44. Review / Summary (continued) • How are Biomes different? • Identify the five major biomes.

45. The End! NEXT: Student Learning Activities

46. Student Learning Activates • Sample tests are available under the Lesson Plan tab.

47. Have students draw and label their own food chains for the different ecosystems with in New Mexico.

48. Name:_________________________ Draw and label your own food chain, biased on the information you learned in the power point. Your food chain needs to be for an ecosystem with in New Mexico. Please label witch biome you chose.

49. Color in the different levels of forest succession. Name:___________________