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O L E D O RGANIC L IGHT E MITtIng D IODE Display Technology

This article provides an overview of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display technology, including its definition, working principles, and different classifications based on organic materials, transparency, foldability, and pixel formation. It also discusses the advantages, disadvantages, applications, and future prospects of OLED displays.

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O L E D O RGANIC L IGHT E MITtIng D IODE Display Technology

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  1. OLEDORGANIC LIGHT EMITtIng DIODEDisplay Technology Jay Dhamsaniya Rakesh Adroja Department of E & C Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahemedabad OCT - 2011

  2. INTRODUCTION • Definition : An organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compounds that emits light when an electric current passes through it.

  3. working • 2 – layer structure • Active & In-active condition • Material used in layer • Anode (+)  Indium tin oxide (ITO) • Cathode (-)  Metals such as aluminium (Al) and calcium (Ca) • Emissive layer  Alq3 which emits radiation in the range of green light • Conductive layer  Diamine

  4. working • For efficient emission  recombination zone should be in the middle of the organic emissive layer • In organic semiconductors, holes are more mobile than electrons • Recombination happens closer to the emissive layer • Problem solution : Multi layer structured OLED

  5. Multi-layer oled • Electron-hole recombination zone is shifted in the middle of the emissive layer

  6. Types of oled

  7. Types of oled [A]Classification according to Organic Material used • SMALL MOLECULE OLEDs: • First developed at Eastman Kodak by Dr. Ching W. Tang • Example: Alq3 2. POLYMER MOLECULE OLEDs: • Example: poly(p-phenylenevinylene) 3. PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIALS OLEDs: • Example: Ir(mppy)3, • It is a phosphorescent dopant which emits green light

  8. Types of oled [B] Classification according to Transparency • Bottom or top emissive OLEDs: • One of the electrode is kept transparent

  9. Types of oled [B] Classification according to Transparency • Transparent OLEDs: • Both electrodes are kept transparent

  10. Types of oled [C]FOLDABLE OLED • Flexible substrate is used • It is prepared by roll-to-roll patterning method

  11. Types of oled [C]FOLDABLE OLED • FOLEDs offer Revolutionary Features for Display: • Flexibility • Ultra-lightweight, thin form • Durability • Cost-effective processing

  12. Types of oled [D]CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO PIXEL FORMATION USED • Active Matrix OLEDs (AM-OLEDs): • Display is a set of pixel • Pixel is a single oled • Individual Cathode and Anode • Biasing current provided to pixel, is controlled by TFT according to information • A/D: Reduces power consumption • D/A: Patterning/Fabrication cost is high

  13. Types of oled [D]CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO PIXEL FORMATION USED 2. Passive Matrix OLEDs (PM-OLEDs): • Cathode and Anode are kept common for each rows/columns • Pixel formed at the intersection

  14. Advantages of oled display • Advantages: • Very thin panel of approximately 1mm • Low power consumption • High brightness • High contrast ratio of 10,000 : 1 • Wide viewing angle of 170 • No environmental drawbacks • Foldable display panel

  15. Advantages of oled display • Advantages of OLED Display over TFT-LCD Display: 1. Contrast Ratio • Higher contrast ratio than TFT-LCD display • Better impression for higher brightness

  16. Advantages of oled display • Viewing Angle • Higher viewing angle up to 170 for constant contrast ratio • Graph: contrast V/S viewing angle

  17. Advantages of oled display 3. Response Time • Fast time response in order of <50 us • Comparison by graphical point of view

  18. Advantages of oled display 4. Backlight Function • No backlight required in OLED display • During black background OLED is turned OFF • In LCD backlight is still required

  19. Advantages of oled display 4. Power Efficiency • OLED display is more power efficient than TFT-LCD display • For the same power OLED display is more brighter

  20. disadvantages of oled display • Limited life time • Color balancing issues • Water damage • Power consumption

  21. Applications of oled display

  22. Future of Oled • Light weight • Thin • Unbreakable • Low cost processing potential for Roll-to-Roll patterning • New product possibility

  23. conclusion There are many other opportunities for application of organic thin-film semiconductors and challenges are remain for development that is shown following table.

  24. Thank you!

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