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JOINTS

JOINTS. CHAPTER 8. ARTICULATIONS. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION. FIBROUS DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING THEM TOGETHER; LOTS OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS CARTILAGINOUS CONNECTED BY HYALINE OR FIBROCARTILAGE SYNOVIAL

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JOINTS

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  1. JOINTS CHAPTER 8

  2. ARTICULATIONS

  3. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION • FIBROUS • DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING THEM TOGETHER; LOTS OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS • CARTILAGINOUS • CONNECTED BY HYALINE OR FIBROCARTILAGE • SYNOVIAL • MORE COMPLEX; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; JOINT CAPSULE AND SYNOVIAL CAPUSULE WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

  4. CLASSIFICATION • SYNARTHROTIC • IMMOVEABLE • AMPHIARTHROTIC • SLIGHTY MOVEABLE • DIARTHROTIC • FREELY MOVEABLE

  5. FIBROUS JOINTS • SYNDESMOSIS • INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE OR INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENT JOINS BONES; • AMPHIARTROTIC: TWISTS • EX: TIBIA AND FIBULA • SUTURE • SUTURAL LIGAMENT: THIN LAYER OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • SYNARTHROTIC • EX: FLAT BONES OF SKULL; CORONAL SUTURE • GOMPHOSIS • CONE SHAPED BONY PROCESS IN A BODY SOCKET • SYNARTHROTIC • PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT JOINS TEETH TO MAXILLA OR MANDIBLE

  6. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS • SYNCHONDROSIS • HYALINE CARTILAGE BANDS • MANY TEMPORARY • EX: EPIPHYSEAL PLATE; BECOMES A SYNOSTOSIS: BONY JOINT: SYNARTHROTIC; MANUBRIUM AND FIRST RIB; COSTAL CARTILAGE AND STERNUM • SYMPHYSIS • THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE ON BONE WITH A FIBROCARTILAGE PAD • AMPHIARTHROTIC • EX: SYMPHYSIS PUBIS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS;

  7. SYNOVIAL JOINTS • DIARTHROTIC • STRUCTURE: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20I%20Types%20of%20Joints.htm

  8. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF JOINT CAPSULE • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: • HYALINE CARTILAGE ON BONE • REDUCES FRICTION: REDUCES WEAR • JOINT CAPSULE/ARTICULAR CAPSULE • 2 LAYERS; HOLDS BONES TOGETHER; • OUTER LAYER DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, FIBERS ATTACH TO PERIOSTEUM • PERMITS MOVEMENT BUT RESISTS PULLING APART • LIGAMENTS • COLLAGENOUS FIBER BUNDLES • PREVENTS EXCESSIVE MOVEMENT • SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE • INNER LAYER OF JOINT CAPSULE, MAY HAVE VILLI AND FOLDS (?) • FEW LAYERS THICK, SURROUNDS JOINT CAVITY • SECRETES AND REABSORBS SYNOVIAL FLUID • MAY STORE ADIPOSE TISSUE; FORM FATTY PADS

  9. J0INT CAPSULE CONTINUED • SYNOVIAL FLUID • CLEAR, VISCOUS FLUID • LUBRICATION • SUPPLIES CARTILAGE WITH NUTRIENTS • HAS STEM CELLS: MAY HELP LIGAMENT RESTORATION • MENISCI • BURSAE

  10. MENISCUS http://depts.washington.edu/msatlas/knmen.html

  11. BURSA http://www.easyfizzy.co.il/image/users/46789/ftp/my_files/prepburs.gif

  12. SYNOVIAL JOINTS • BALL-AND –SOCKET/SPHEROIDAL • CONDYLAR/ELLIPSOIDAL • PLANE/GLIDING/ARTHROIDAL • HINGE/GINGLYMUS • PIVOT/TROCHOID • SADDLE/SELLAR

  13. BALL-AND-SOCKET http://www.hss.edu/images/articles/FAI.jpg

  14. CONDYLAR JOINT http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/HandSurgery/sid211984.html

  15. PLANE JOINT www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/Back/Jointpage.htm

  16. HINGE JOINT www.vermontorthoclinic.org/elbow.html

  17. PIVOT JOINT http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm

  18. SADDLE JOINT www.becomehealthynow.com/popups/joint_saddle_bh.htm

  19. JOINT MOVEMENTS • BALL-AND-SOCKET • MOVEMENTS IN ALL PLANES INCLUDING ROTATION; ALL MOVEMENTS • MULTIAXIAL • CONDYLAR • FLEXION; EXTENSION; ADDUCTION; ABDUCTION; CIRCUMDUCTION; NO ROTATION; • BIAXIAL: ALLOWS MOVEMENT IN SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL PLANES • PLANE • UNIAXIAL • BOUND IN MEMBRANE SO MOVEMENT IS LIMITED • SLIDING; TWISTING • HINGE • UNIAXIAL • FLEXION AND EXTENSION • PIVOT • UNIAXIAL • ROTATION • SADDLE • FLEXION; EXTENSION; ADDUCTION; ABDUCTION; CIRCUMDUCTION; LITTLE TO NO ROTATION; • BIAXIAL: ALLOWS MOVEMENT IN SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL PLANES

  20. KNOW THE JOINT MOVEMENTS • http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.html

  21. FLEXION/EXTENSION

  22. KNOW THE JOINTS AND LIGAMENT • SHOULDER • ELBOW • HIP • KNEE

  23. SHOULDER JOINT http://www.stockmedicalart.com/medicalartlibrary/shoulder-joint-ligaments.html

  24. HIP JOINT http://www.netterimages.com/images/vpv/000/000/008/8638-0550x0475.jpg

  25. KNEE JOINT http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/The-structure-of-a-joint.htm

  26. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • STIFFNESS • BY 40S COLLAGEN STRUCTURE DEGENERATES • FIBROUS JOINTS • FIRST: FONTANELS • ACCUMULATE BONE MATRIX, COULD FUSE, • STRENGTHEN OVER LIFE • SYNCHONDROSES • EPIPHYSEAL PLATE • MANUBRIUM & 1ST JOINT: WATER CONTENT DECREASES & CALCIUM SALT DEPOSITION INCREASES: STIFFENS CARTILAGE; LIGAMENTS LOSE ELASTICITY AS COLLAGEN FIBERS CROSS LINK; AFFECTS BREATHING

  27. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • SYMPHYSIS: • LOSS OF WATER DECREASES FLEXIBILITY; • LOSS OF ABILITY FOR SHOCK ABSORBANCY • LESS RANGE OF MOTION • LOSS OF HEIGHT • SYNOVIAL • LOSS OF FUNCTION BY 30S • LESS CAPILLARIES=LESS BLOOD FLOW AND AN INCREASE IN CARTILAGE AND FIBROUS MATERIAL+ LOSS OF ELASTICITY WHICH COULD AFFECT BALANCE= MORE FALLS

  28. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • PREVENTION: • USE: EXERCISE, INCREASES BLOOD SUPPLY AND REDUCES STIFFENING

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