The Rise of Rome

2. The Rise of Rome Chapter 5

4. Roman State • Three major groups: • Latium • Latin language • Herders & Farmers • Greeks • Mythology • Sculptures, architecture, literature, and alphabet. • Learned how to grown olives and grapes. • Etruscans • Controlled Rome, turned it from a village to a city. • Adopted the toga and short cloak. • Borrowed the army organization.

5. Roman State • State split into two groups: • Patricians • Wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers. • Plebeians • Everyone else.

6. Venimus, Vidimus, Vicimus • Romans were successful due to a “don’t quit” attitude. • Emphasis on duty, courage, and discipline. • Didn’t hurt to be great politicians.

7. Birth of Rome • Legend speaks of the creation of Rome. • Romulus and Remus

8. Roman Republic • 509 BCE, Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and formed a republic. • A government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain people have the right to vote. • Rome was in 200 years of war. • Fought against the Latium, Greeks, and Etruscans. • They finally created a Confederation. • Bribed everybody with citizenship and equality.

9. Roman State

10. War • Rome continued to fight. • They faced off against Carthage. • Located on North Africa founded by the Phoenicians.

11. Rome & Carthage • Romans feared Carthage • Sent an army to Sicily in 264 BCE. • Carthaginians saw it as a act of war. • This launched the First Punic War. • It ended in 241 BCE when Carthage gave up rights to Sicily. • Rome had to pay a fine for it. • Carthage gave up Sicily because they conquered more land in Spain. • Rome then encouraged Spain to revolt.

12. Rome & Carthage • Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, did not like this. • This started the Second Punic War, 218-201 BCE. • After a long struggle, Hannibal was not able to take control of Rome. • Rome then wanted more.

13. Rome & Carthage • In 150 BCE, the Third (and last) Punic War occurred. • The Carthage Empire was destroyed. • Carthaginian people became slaves. • The area became a Roman province which they called Africa.

14. Expansion • Carthage was just one victim. • Rome defeated Hellenistic states in East Mediterranean. • Following the Fourth Macedonian War, the Romans took control of Macedonia in 148 BCE. • Greece was taken over just two years later. • In 129 BCE, Pergamum became the first province in Asia. • The Roman Empire controlled all of the Mediterranean.

16. Collapse of the Republic • Torn by civil wars, men competed for power. • Three were victorious: Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. • These three men formed the First Triumvirate. • A government controlled by three people. • Eventually, one man arose above the others.

17. A Divided Empire

18. Caesar became dictator in 45 BCE. • An absolute ruler. • Feeling Caesar had too much power, his council killed him.

19. Second Triumvirate • Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus took control. • Soon only Octavian, and Antony remained in control. • They split the Roman world. • Octavian took the West, Antony the East. • They soon began fighting with each other. • At the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), Octavian defeated Antony. • Octavian became the sole leader. • Was given the title of Augustus, “revered one”

20. PaxRomana • Augustus’ reign lasted from 30 BCE-14 CE. • Rome entered PaxRomana, which means “Roman Peace” • This lasted 200 years. • Following this time, Roman ideals began to die.

21. There was good emperors, bad one, and even crazy ones. • Many emperors were involved in murderous plots against rivals. • Political assassinations were a norm. • This and several other factors lead to the tainting of the Roman image.