Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory

1. Section 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory

2. State/Chapter Objectives • Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes. (SPI 3210.1.1) • Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (SPI 3210.1.2 ) • Predict the movement of water and other molecules across selectively permeable membranes. (SPI 3210.1.7) • Compare and contrast active and passive transport. (SPI 3210.1.8)

3. Section 7.1 Objectives • Compare compound light microscopes with electron microscopes • Summarize the principles of the cell theory. • Differentiate between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. (SPI 3210.1.2)

4. cell cell theory plasma membrane organelle eukaryotic cell nucleus prokaryotic cell Section 7.1 Vocabulary You must be able to explain and use the following terms:

5. What is a living cell . . . . . . self-contained, self assembling, self adjusting, self perpetuating, isothermal mix of biomolecules, held in a 3-D conformation by weak non-covalent forces, which extract raw materials (precursors) and free energy from the surrounding environment and which shows great efficiency and economy of metabolic regulation and that maintains a dynamic steady state far from equilibrium and which can self-replicate using the informational molecule DNA.

7. CELL THEORY(1838) • All living things are made from one or more cells. • All cells come from other cells. • The cell is the smallest form of life. Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden

8. Microscopy Bright-Field (Compound) Light Microscope Use light rays focused by glass lenses.

9. Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Uses electrons passing through specimens; focused by magnets.

10. Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Uses electrons scanned across metal-coated specimen.

12. Celery

13. Pollen

14. Multi-faceted eye - not seen since trilobites disappeared hundreds of millions of years ago - has been discovered in a tiny parasitic insect. (a) Xenos peckii with the raspberry-like eyes, (b) fruit fly with hundreds of lenses; and, at the same scale, (c) eye of X. peckii with fewer but larger eyelets, each surrounded by the brush-like microtrichia.

15. Green algal spore

16. Leaf surface of lemon scented gum tree (Corymbia citriodora)

17. Positive FTA

18. Cardiac Muscle

19. Motor Neuron

20. Thin Skin Epidermis Dead skin cells Dermis

21. White and Red Blood Cells White blood cell (WBC) Red blood cell (RBC)

22. Skeletal Muscle

23. Paramecium

24. Can you think of other examples where technology had increased people’s understanding of the world?

25. Basic Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

26. Basic Cell Types Prokaryotic– Cells do not have a nucleus and most other organelles. Eukaryotic – Cells have a “true” nucleus surrounded by its own membrane.

27. Prokaryotic Characteristics • Strong Cell Wall • Rotating Flagella • Simple Interior Organization

28. Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell

29. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell

30. Eukaryotic Cells Have a “true” nucleus and organelles surrounded by a cell membrane.

31. Organelle “Mini-organ” Part of a cell with specific job to do.

32. Animal Cell

33. Plant Cell

34. Section 7.1 Review • Explain the 3 principals of the cell theory. • Describe how microscopes aid the study of cells. • Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells. • Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

35. Organelle Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Section 7.1 Review Define the following terms:

36. Organelle – mini organ Plasma membrane – a thin outer covering which defines the boundary of the cell and regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings. Nucleus – the part of the cell that houses its genetic material. Cytoplasm – the entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. Cell wall - a strong wall outside the plasma membrane that protects the plant cell and maintains its shape. Prokaryotic cell – a cell lacking a membrane- bounded nucleus and most other organelles. Eukaryotic cell – a cell with a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles. Definitions