Ch 7.1: cell theory + cell types (4R)

1. Ch 7.1: cell theory + cell types (4R)

2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of one or more cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of organisms • Cells come only from pre-existing cells • Just like humans, cells just don’t pop out of nowhere / nothing!

3. ALL cells contain these: • Cell membrane – surrounds cell and controls movement in and out of the cell. • Cytoplasm - a jelly-like substance in the cell where chemical processes take place • Ribosomes - produce proteins • Genetic information (DNA or RNA)

4. 2 major categories of cells: Prokaryotes • Pro = BEFORE • Karyo = NUCLEUS Eukaryotes • Eu = TRUE • Karyo = NUCLEUS

5. How are they different? Question: Which is more complex? Add your answer to the table.

6. Compare the pictures!

7. On 4L • What category of cellsdoes this fall into? How do you know? (use evidence from the chart in your answer) • What type of cell is this? How do you know? (use evidence from the chart in your answer)

8. Ch 7.3: Organelle overload! (5R) (put your big boy/girl pants on!)

9. Eukaryotic cell Organelles(”little organs”)

10. How I would organize this: There are 15 organelles! WOO let’s do this!

11. Analogy column: • Examples:

12. Cell Wall • Location: Found in Plants ONLY; outermost layer around cell • Functions: protection, rigidity (gives the cell its boxy shape) • Fun Fact: the reason corn is undigestable (comes out in your #2)

13. Cell Membrane • Location: Found in BOTH plant and animal cells; outermost layer in animal cells; just within the cell wall in plant cells • Function: selects what comes in and goes out of the cell • Fun Fact: made of two layers of proteins + lipids (phospholipid bilayer)

14. Nucleus • Location: middle of the cell • Functions: the control center (the Brain of the cell) • Fun Fact: This is where the DNA is located in euk’s!

15. cytoskeleton * Animal cells • Location: throughout the cell • Function: gives the cell 3D shape • Fun Fact: like the poles that give a tent its shape!

16. centriole *Rare in Plant cells* • Location: near the ends of the cell • Function: help to pull the cell apart during cell division • Fun Fact: they look a LOT like those pull-apart twizzlers

17. Thinking cap! • Case Study:  • Kerry was diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis. Her symptoms include extremely thick mucus in her lungs, frequent lung infections, clogged pancreas, digestive problems, salty sweat, and faulty calcium and chlorine channel proteins (responsible for moving substances into/out of the cell). • Which malfunctioning organelle is the cause of a person’s Cystic Fibrosis? How do you know?

18. cytoplasm • Location: all the “extra” space within the cell • Function: the jelly-like matrix that everything floats in • Fun Fact: nothing is “anchored down” but instead floats around like fruit in jello

19. Ribosomes • Location: throughout the inside of the cell, sometimes found on Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) • Function: synthesis of protein • Fun Fact: the reason for the “Rough” in RER

20. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) • Location: in the middle of the cell, very close to the nucleus • Function: Help make / move proteins • Fun Fact: the bumps that make it ‘Rough’ are Ribosomes!

21. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) • Location: in the middle of the cell, very close to the nucleus • Function: Help make / move lipids • Fun Fact: my personal favorite organelle (miss piggy!)

22. Golgi apparatus / body • Location: in the middle of the cell, near the “end” of RER • Function: Package and “ship” things around the cell • Fun Fact: acts a lot like a UPS facility

23. lysosomes *Rare in Plant cells* • Location: throughout the cell • Function: “junk” storage, processing, and removal • Breaks down with hydrolytic enzymes • Fun Fact: act a lot like the garbage man!

24. Thinking cap! • Case Study:  • George is an 18 year old male, who arrived in the emergency room (ER) at 6:03 a.m. with severe indigestion. The attending physician did blood work and found no abnormalities with it. An X-ray of his abdomen suggested that George's body is unable to digest his food. The attending physician suggested this could be due to the inability of the intestinal cells to package the needed enzymes and bile salts for shipment to the intestinal cavity. • Which malfunctioning organelle is the cause of George's indigestion? How do you know?

25. Thinking cap! • Case Study:  • Isaac was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs as an infant. His neurological problems were observed at 6 months of age, when he lost the ability to roll over and sit up. Upon further testing, doctors noticed a malfunction in his vital hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are found in brain and nerve cells that are meant to break down certain types of lipids. • Which malfunctioning organelle is the cause of a person’s infantile Tay-Sachs? How do you know?

26. peroxisomes • Location: throughout the cell • Function: destroy bad stuff in the cell (old stuff OR invaders!) • Fun Fact: contain H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) to kill!

27. Mitochondria • Location: throughout the cell • Function: process the glucose to make energy for the cell • Fun Fact: Mighty Muscley Mitochondria Look like jellybeans!

28. Vacuole • Location: found inside plant cells ONLY • There may be a fewtiny vacuoles is some animal cells • Function: storage, usually of water / salts • Fun Fact: can take up over half the volume of the cell!

29. Chloroplasts • Location: throughout the plant cell ONLY • Function: process the CO2 into glucose (energy for the cell) • Fun Fact: have stacks of pancakes (Thylakoids) inside!

30. (4L) Matching Challenge! • THE CELL AS A HOUSEHOLD • use the analogies listed here to match up with the organelles here • just list the number w/ the organelle