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Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

Learn about composites, which are created by combining materials with different properties. Discover the advantages of composites such as lightness, reduced maintenance, and freedom of shape. Explore different types of composites, including fiber reinforced and particle reinforced. Understand the history of composites and their role in various applications. Experience a lab activity to make a simple composite and gain insights into the science behind it.

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Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

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  1. Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

  2. Composites The Designer Material

  3. What is a Composite?

  4. Mixture

  5. Compound

  6. Composites When two or more materials with very different properties are combined together they form a composite material.

  7. Lab: Making a Simple Composite

  8. Lab: Making a Simple Composite Data Chart

  9. Composite Composition One material is the MATRIX or binder that surrounds and bonds together a much stronger material called the REINFORCEMENT.

  10. Natural Composites Wood is an example of a natural composite material.

  11. Natural Composites Besides wood, bone is an example of a natural composite material.

  12. Examples WOOD CARBON FIBER FIBERGLASS CONCRETE

  13. Composite Advantages Lightness

  14. Composite Advantages Reduced Maintenance

  15. Composite Advantages Freedom of Shape-Easy Design

  16. Composite Advantages Mechanical & Chemical Strength

  17. Composite Advantages In a composite, the crack has to travel around the reinforcements using much more energy.

  18. Modulus of the Entire Composite E(composite) = Ef Vf + Em Vm

  19. Types of Composites FIBER REINFORCED

  20. Types of Fibers The choice of fiber will influence the composite’s Strength & Stiffness Thermal Expansion Electrical & Thermal Conductivity Cost

  21. Types of Fibers

  22. Fiberglass Belted Tires

  23. Steel Belted Tires

  24. Kevlar Belted Tires

  25. Manufacturing Fiber-Reinforced Composites

  26. Types of Composites PARTICLE REINFORCED

  27. Types of Composites

  28. Types of Composites

  29. Lab: What the Puck?

  30. Pykrete Pykrete is a composite material made of approximately 14 percent sawdust and 86 percent ice by weight.

  31. Before After

  32. Types of Composites Structural Composites Laminar

  33. Types of Composites Structural Composites Sandwich Panels

  34. Types of Composites Structural Composites

  35. History of Composites

  36. Early Composites 3000 B.C.

  37. 1200 B.C. Composite Bow

  38. 1200 B.C. Achieved greater range while being smaller and lighter than wooden simple bows.

  39. 1824 Joseph Aspdin Obtained a patent for a cement he produced in his kitchen.

  40. He heated a mixture of finely ground limestone and clay in his kitchen and ground the mixture into a powder creating a hydraulic cement – one that hardens with the addition of water.

  41. Aspdin named his product PORTLAND CEMENT.

  42. Cement is something of a paradox. It requires just the right amount of water to form properly.

  43. Technically cement is held together by a gel, a complex network of nanoparticles called calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) that binds a significant amount of water within its structure.

  44. Solid red areas are calcium silicate, pebbled areas in between show the water physically bound between the layers to form solid C-S-H. Dark blue halos around the C-S-H particles are water adsorbed on the surface; pale blue areas represent liquid water caught in nanopores.

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