Vertebrate Anatomy Labs

1. Vertebrate Anatomy Labs The Fetal Pig and You

2. WEEK #1: Vertebrate Anatomy I: Skin and Digestive Systems • Review descriptions and illustrations of tissues from lab manual • Observe prepared slide of skin • Fetal Pig Dissection • *External anatomy • *Follow dissection instructions sequentially as detailed in lab manual • *Do not cut out a section of intestine (procedure 21.2 part J) • Observe prepared slide of intestine cross-section

3. External anatomy

4. Male or Female?

5. Opening the oral cavity 2. To expose structures in the mouth cavity, use heavy, sharp-pointed scissors to cut at the corners of the mouth along the line of the tongue. Continue to cut until the lower jaw can be lowered, being careful not to cut into the tissues in the roof of the mouth cavity. Continue to cut, pulling down on the lower jaw until your cuts reach the muscle and tissue at the back of the mouth. Cut through this muscle until lowering the jaw exposes the back of the mouth cavity.

7. http://www.whitman.edu/biology/vpd/

8. Incisions to open the abdominal cavity. Incision 1 makes a shallow midventral incision from the base of the throat to the umbilical cord. Incision 2 cuts around the umbilical cord to the medial surface of each leg. Incision 3 cuts through the body wall laterally just posterior to the diaphragm. Incision 4 cuts laterally at the posterior margin of the abdominal cavity.

9. Expose the digestive organs in the abdominal region by opening the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity. • Begin the dissection by using the scalpel to make a shallow midventral incision from the base of the throat to the umbilical cord (incision 1). • Cut lateral incisions (incision 2) around each side of the umbilical cord and continue the two incisions, one to the medial surface of each leg • Now use the scissors to cut deep into one of the lateral incisions beside the cord until you penetrate into the abdominal cavity, piercing the parietal peritoneum. Use the scissors to cut through the body wall along the two lateral incisions to the legs and around the umbilical cord. • Pull lightly on the umbilical cord. If your dissection is correct, you will see that the umbilical cord and ventral wedge of body wall could be reflected, or pulled back, toward the tail, except for a blood vessel, the umbilical vein. This vein passes from the umbilical cord anteriorly toward a large brown organ, the liver. • Cut through this vein, leaving a stub at each end. Tie a small piece of string around each stub so you can find them later. This should free the flap of body wall, which may now be reflected toward the tail, exposing the abdominal organs.

15. Liver Stomach Pancreas spleen Small intestine Large intestine

16. Cecum

17. WEEK #2: Vertebrate Anatomy II: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems • Fetal Pig Dissection • *Follow dissection instructions sequentially as detailed in lab manual • *Dissection of neck and thoracic cavity • *Identify heart structures and great vessels • *Identify structures of the systemic circuit in the thorax • *Identify structures of the systemic circuit in the abdominal cavity • *Examine fetal circulation • *Identify structures of the respiratory system • Examine Sheep Heart demo

18. Week Two The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems • Begin the dissection by opening the thoracic cavity, which houses the heart and lungs, and making an incision that extends to the jaw. • Use scissors to deepen the superficial incision previously made anterior to the abdominal cavity, and continue deepening this incision to the base of the lower jaw. • Cut through the body wall in the region of the thorax, clipping through the ribs slightly to the right or left of the sternum (the flat bone lying midventrally to which ribs attach). • Continue the incision past the rib cage to the base of the lower jaw. • Using the blunt probe to separate tissues, carefully remove the skin and muscles in the neck region. You will expose the thymus gland on each side of the neck .

19. Neck region and Thoracic Cavity

20. Expose the heart lying in the pericardial cavity between the two pleural cavities. • Gently push open the rib cage, using scissors and a probe to cut through muscle and connective tissue. Another lobe of the thymus gland will be seen lying over the pericardial sac housing the heart. The wall of the pericardial sac is a tough membrane composed of two fused coelomic epithelial linings, the parietal pericardium and the parietal pleura. • Cut into and push aside the pericardial sac. Carefully dissect away membranes adhering to the heart until you can identify the four chambers of the heart

21. Neck region and Thoracic Cavity

22. Larynx Thyroid gland Thymus Right ventricle Coronary artery and vein Left ventricle

23. Veins near the Heart

26. Arteries near the Heart

29. Abdominal branches of Aorta and Vena Cava

31. Respiratory system

32. WEEK #3: Vertebrate Anatomy III: Excretory, Reproductive and Nervous Systems • Fetal Pig Dissection • *Identify structures of the excretory system-kidney • *Identify structures of the male reproductive system • *Identify structures of the female reproductive system • Examine Pregnant Pig Uterus demonstration materials • Observe prepared slide of kidney • Observe prepared slide of neuron • Observe prepared slide of spinal cord cross-section • Cow eye dissection

33. Week ThreeExcretory, Reproductive, and Nervous systems Male

34. Week ThreeExcretory, Reproductive, and Nervous systems Female

35. Renal System

36. Urinary System  Urinary bladder

37. Female Reproductive Tract  Ovary

38. Male Reproductive Tract Penis Epididymis Testes

39. Urinary bladder Rectum/colon Umbilical artery Vas Deferens Epididymus Penis Testicle

40. Ureter Vas Deferens

42. Uterus with aminiotic sac visible

43. Cow Eye Anatomy Follow dissection instructions in the lab handout

44. Cow Eye Anatomy

45. Microscope Slide Review

46. Ileum cross section

47. Integument Note the Stratified Squamous Epithelium of the skin

48. Neuron

49. Spinal Cord cross-section

50. Kidney Renal Cortex Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Renal Medulla