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Identification of Sex

Identification of Sex. Dr Ajee Kuruvilla. Most certain evidences:. Presence of testis in males & ovaries in females. Shown by ejaculation & menstruation respectively after puberty in males & females. Highly probable evidences:.

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Identification of Sex

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  1. Identification of Sex Dr Ajee Kuruvilla

  2. Most certain evidences: • Presence of testis in males & ovaries in females. • Shown by ejaculation & menstruation respectively after puberty in males & females.

  3. Highly probable evidences: • Females: Presence of breast, vagina, appropriate muscular development, absence of moustache, beard, chest hair. • Males: Absence of breast tissue, appropriate muscular development, Presence of penis, moustache, beard, chest hair.

  4. Presumptive evidence • Face • Dress • Costume • Hair • Voice • inclination for opposite sex etc.

  5. NUCLEAR SEXING The sex can be determined by studying the presence of: • Barr bodies • Davidson’s bodies and • ‘Y’ chromosomes.

  6. Barr bodies(Sex Chromatin) • It is plano convex nuclear condensation seen at the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. • In females more than 40% of nuclei of buccal mucosa contain chromatin body (chromatin positive), • in males only less than 10% of nuclei contain chromatin body (chromatin negative). • The ideal tissues to study Barr bodies are buccal mucosa, skin, smooth muscle and cartilage. • Medico Legal Importance: To differentiate between males & females

  7. Davidson body • In females, upto 6% of polymorphic W.B.C’s (i.e. neutrophils and eosinophils) show a thin stalked drumstick like projection at the periphery of the nucleus. • This is absent in males.

  8. Y- Chromosomes: • The ‘Y’ Chromosomes present in males are fluroscent for the dye Quinacrine dihydrochloride. • Blood stains, cartilage, bone marrow, teeth pulp and hair root pulp can be used as specimens.

  9. INTERSEX STATES • These are the conditions wherein both male and female characters coexist in varying degrees in the same individual. • Gonadal agenesis – gonads (either ovaries or testes) fail to develop. The nuclear sex is chromatin negative. • Gonadal dysgenesis – External genital organs are present, but the testes or ovaries fail to develop at puberty.

  10. Gonadal dysgenesis • Klinefelter’s syndrome • Turner’s syndrome

  11. Klinefelter’s syndrome • Anatomical structure in male, • but the nuclear sexing is female (chromatin positive). • The chromosomal pattern is 47XXY. Usually undiagnosed till puberty.

  12. Klinefelter’s syndrome • Testes are small & firm in consistency, aspermia, No semen, Hyalinised testis (histologically). • Gynaecomastia is usual finding. • Sexual Euinacioidism (long arm& legs, scanty public hair growth. may not have hair growth over face) The person is usually tall with long slender arm’s & legs, scanty or absent facial hair, axillary hair and pubic hair, thin voice (Sexual Euinacioidism).

  13. Turner’s syndrome • Anatomical structure is female • nuclear sexing is male (chromatin negative). • The chrosomal pattern is 45 XO.

  14. Turner’s syndrome • . The person is usually of short stature. There is lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics associated with primary amenorrhoea, grossly undeveloped breast with widely spaced nipples, scanty public & axillary hair, infantile tubes and streak ovaries (no ovarian follicle, contains fibrous tissue). Congenital anomalies like Web neck, cubitus valgus, coarctation of aorta, osteoporosis, renal abnormalities, red green colour blindness.

  15. True hermaphroditism • A rare condition, where in external genitalia may be of both sexes, but internally there is presence of both testes & ovaries and ovotestes.

  16. Pseudohermaphroditism • External characteristics of one sex, with gonads of opposite sex • Male pseudohermaphroditism: Nuclear sex XY, sex organs & sexual characteristic of female form • Female pseudohermaphroditism: Nuclear sex XX, sex organs & sexual characteristic of male form

  17. Medico Legal Importance of sex: • Marriage, divorce, Nullity of marriage, inheritance, rape, maternity, paternity, employment, contesting for election & other civil rights.

  18. ACCURACY OFSEXING….KROGMAN • ENTIRE SKELETON… 100% • PELVIS & SKULL…….98% • PELVIS………………..95% • SKULL…………………90% • LONG BONES………..80%

  19. PELVIS

  20. SACRUM

  21. SKULL

  22. MANDIBLE

  23. THANK U....!!!!

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