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The Rocket and the Reich Pennem ü nde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. Donnie S. Coleman STS-5206 31 March 2005. 1998 Dexter Prize Technology and Culture 39.3. Michael J. Neufeld Curator of World War II history at the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
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The Rocket and the ReichPennemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era Donnie S. Coleman STS-5206 31 March 2005
1998 Dexter PrizeTechnology and Culture 39.3 Michael J. NeufeldCurator of World War II history at the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution B.A. (1974) University of CalgaryM.A. (1976) University of British ColumbiaM.A. (1980) The Johns Hopkins University Ph.D. (1984) The Johns Hopkins University mike.neufeld@nasm.si.edu202-633-2434 Research specialties:German rocketry and aeronautics; World War II, the Holocaust, and strategic bombing; U.S. space and guided-missile history since 1945.
Why is Neufeld’s book a Dexter Prize Winner? • Authoritative and balanced account of a shadowy subject, the development of ballistic missiles in Nazi Germany • Extensive use of primary sources on both sides of the Atlantic, including sixteen interviews • Story told in full-featured context across the technical, military, political, cultural, and social spectrum. • Near-internalist perspectives on several major themes of the history of technology and culture
Origins of the German Rocketry Program • Weapons restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles • Interest in rockets as long-range artillery • Germany was a hotbed of amateur rocketry in 1930’s • Cpt. Walter Dornberger enlisted Wernher von Braun to lead the army’s rocket artillery program • Kummersdorf – 80 engineer develop proof of concept • Pennemünde– 6000+ staff and 40,000+ slave labor • The Pennemünde project was comparable in scale to the Manhattan Project
Accomplishments • Long range ballisticmissile w/1-ton warhead • Liquid fuel rocket engine with 56,000+ lb thrust • Rocket thrust vectoring • Guidance system • Supersonic flight to Mach 3+ • Jet engine powered Cruise missile • The development of the ballistic missile shortened the war – in favor of the Allies. • Ushered in the era of space flight, as well as the threat of nuclear annihilation
A-4 Launch from Pennemünde Test Stand VII About 6000 A-4/V-2 Rockets were built and about 3200 fired in anger RETURN
Supersonic Wind Tunnel RETURN
V-1 Pulse-jet powered Cruise Missile • Developed by Pennemünde and the Luftfaffe • Over 30,000 built w/10K+ launched upon England • 410 MPH w/ 1832 pound warhead RETURN
Pennemünde Rocket Compex RETURN