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February 1, 2010. Agenda: Take the next 10 minutes to work on your Africa Map. Africa Notes. North Africa Chapter 4. Countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. What are some things you already know about these countries?
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February 1, 2010 Agenda: Take the next 10 minutes to work on your Africa Map. Africa Notes
North AfricaChapter 4 Countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. What are some things you already know about these countries? In your notebook list five things you already know about Northern Africa.
Physical GeographyChapter 4 sec 1 • North Africa is covered by rugged mountains and huge areas of deserts. • Sahara Desert • Some sand dunes rise as high as 1,000 feet high
The Nile River • The Nile River is the world’s longest river. • The Nile flows northward throughout the Sahara desert for about 4,000 miles. • Nile leaves silt in field near the rivers edge. • Silt is finely ground fertile soil that is good for growing crops.
The Nile • The Nile River valley is a long oasis in the desert. • Farmers use water from the Nile to irrigate their fields. • The Nile fans out near the Mediterranean Sea, forming a large delta. • East of the Nile is the Suez Canal.
Climate and Resources • North Africa is very dry. • Rare storms can cause flooding. • In some areas these floods as well as high winds have carved bare rock surfaces out of the land.
History and Culture • Egypt’s Nile River Valley was home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. • These ancient Egyptians built large monuments, participated in trade, and developed a writing system.
The Ancient Egyptians • The Egyptians built these huge monuments as tombs, or burial places, for pharaohs, or kings. • Scholars believe thousands of workers cut large blocks of stone far away and rolled them on logs to the Nile.
Egyptian Writing • The ancient Egyptians developed a sophisticated writing system, or hieroglyphics. • This system used pictures and symbols that stood for ideas or words.
Greeks and Arab Civilizations • Alexander the Great • Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt in 332 B.C. • Alexandria became an important seaport and trading center. • The city was also a great center of learning. • Beginning in the AD 600s, Arab armies from Southwest Asia swept across North Africa. • They brought the Arabic language and Islam to the region. • Under Muslim rule, North Africa cities became major centers of learning, trade, and craft making. • Cairo in Egypt is an example.
European Influence • In the 1800s European countries began to take over the region. • By 20th Century European countries had authority over all North Africa. • In 1912 Italy captured Libya • Spain controlled northern Morocco • France ruled the rest of Morocco as well as Tunisia and Algeria. • British controlled Egypt • Egypt gained limited independence in 1922. • Libya, Morroco, and Tunisia each won independence in the 1950s. • And Algeria finally won independence from France in 1962.
Religion • Most North Africans are Muslims who practice the religion of Islam. • Islam plays a major role in North African life. • Pray 5 times a day • Pray on Fridays at the Mosque • About 6 percent of Egyptians are Christians or practice other religions.
Food, Holidays, and Customs • Egyptians enjoy a dish called fuul. • It is made of fava beans mashed with olive oil, salt, pepper, garlic, and lemons. • During the holy month of Ramadam, Muslims abstain from food and drink during the day. • Many men of North Africa gather in cafes to play chess or dominoes. • Most women in North Africa only socialize in their homes. • People greet each other by shaking hands and then touching their hand to their heart. • If they are family or friend they will kiss each other on the cheek.
February 3, 2010 Agenda: Four-columned Chart (page 97-102) Present Charts to class Chapter 4 sec 2 notes
North Africa Today • Materials: • Book pages 97-102 • Ruler • Drawing Paper • You and a partner are going to create a four columned chart with columns labeled Country, Major Cities, Economy, and Challenges Faced Today. • You and your partner will read this section and record information in your chart. Each person will have their own chart. • Each group will place their chart under the document camera. • As each group present you’ll be encourage to list additional information to your chart.
Before we begin… • Make sure you move your desk together. • Talk quietly • Each person needs to complete their own sheet. • Charts need to be neat. • Use rulers
North Africa Today • Even though Egypt is a republic, its government is heavily influenced by Islamic law. • Egypt’s government has a constitutionand Egyptians elect their government officials. • Power is shared between Egypt’s president and the prime minister.
Egypt Today • Many Egyptians live in severe poverty. • Many do not have clean water for cooking or washing. • The Spread of disease in crowded cities is also a problem. • About half of Egyptians cannot read and write. • Today Egyptians live longer and are much healthier than they were 50 years ago.
Egypt: Resources and Farming • Egypt is challenged by its limited resources. • The country’s only farmland is located in the Nile River Valley and Delta. • To keep the land productive, farmers must use more and more fertilizer. • Egypt depends on: • Tourism • Petroleum • Agriculture
The Suez Canal • The Suez Canal is an important part of Egypt’s economy. • 2 billion dollars • The Canal makes about 2 billion dollars a year by requiring tolls from ships that pass through the canal. • Allows ships to avoid traveling around South Africa.
Cities • Cairo • Cairo is the largest urban area in North Africa. • Cairo is crowded, people are poor, and the city is experiencing heavy pollution. • Housing shortages in Cairo • Many live in makeshift housing in slums or boats along the Nile. • Communities have even developed in cemeteries • Convert tombs into bedrooms and kitchens.
Other Countries of North Africa • Oil, mining, and tourism are important industries for the countries of North Africa. • Agriculture is a major economic activity in North Africa. About one in six workers in Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria is a farmer. • North African farmers grow and export wheat, olives, fruits, and nuts.
Cities of North Africa • Libya and Tunisia’s cities and most of its population are found in the coastal areas. • Morocco’s largest city, Casablanca, has about 3.3 million people.
Libya Today • Libya since 1969 has been ruled by a dictator, General Mu’ammmar al-Gadhafi. • A dictator is a someone who rules a country with complete power. • Gadhfi has supported acts of violence against Israel and its neighbors. • As a result many countries limited their economic relationship with Libya.
February 2, 2009 Agenda: Anyone need to take the Map Test? Finish Chapter 4 Notes Silent Barter
