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Cell Differentiation

Cell Differentiation. Learning Objectives. Describe the process of differentiation. Define stem cells and explain their importance. Identify the possible benefits and issues relating to stem cell research. Defining Differentiation.

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Cell Differentiation

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  1. Cell Differentiation

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe the process of differentiation. • Define stem cells and explain their importance. • Identify the possible benefits and issues relating to stem cell research.

  3. Defining Differentiation During the development of an organism, cells differentiate to become . specialized Carry out photosynthesis Transport materials Store sugar

  4. Mapping Differentiation 32 256 28 = 25 =

  5. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells are the cells from which differentiated cells develop. Totipotent: can develop into any type of cell in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta) Pluripotent: cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types unspecialized

  6. Embryonic Stem Cells embryonic stem cells

  7. Adult Stem Cells Multipotent: limited potential to develop into many different types of differentiated cells Mainly found in bone marrow, hair follicles Also some in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle

  8. Regenerative Medicine Undifferentiated cells are used to repair or replace damaged cells and tissues.

  9. Ethical Issues Human adult stem cell research is rarely controversial because of willing donors. Human embryonic stem cell research is controversial because arguments for and against involve ethical issues of life and death.

  10. Cellular Reprogramming Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS cells) May ultimately help society reframe the debate over use of stem cells Dr. Shinya Yamanaka

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