Ch 7 Cellular Respiration

1. Ch 7 Cellular Respiration glucose Converting __________________ into __________________ ATP

2. Transfer of ENERGY… plants ATP Complex organisms Light energy  PHOTOSYNTHESIS  sugar energy  CELLULAR RESPIRATION ATP

3. Do plants do cellular respiration? • Yep! • Why? • Their photosynthesis makes their _______ • Then their C.R. makes their _______ sugar ATP we all need love...and ATP!

4. What is the equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION? 6 6 6 O2 CO2 H20 + ATP C6H12O6 • _______ + _______  _______ + _______ how do we BALANCE this? What is the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? • _______ + _______  _______ + _______

5. Cellular Respiration glucose GLYCOLYSIS pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP acetyl CoA FERMENTATION KREBS CYCLE lactic acid ethyl alcohol ATP ETC

6. glucose GLYCOLYSIS- lysis: splitting- glyc: glucose <--2 ATP -->2 ADP PGAL <-- 2 NAD+ --> 2 NADH +2 P <-- 4 ADP --> 4 ATP pyruvic acid

7. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP acetyl CoA FERMENTATION KREBS CYCLE lactic acid ethyl alcohol ATP ETC

8. Aerobic respiration has 2 steps • Krebs cycle • Electron transport chain (ETC)

9. CONVERSION STEP 2 pyruvic acid <-- 2 NAD+ --> 2 NADH +2 coenzyme A (CoA) <-- 2 CO2 2 acetyl CoA

10. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP 2 NADH acetyl CoA FERMENTATION KREBS CYCLE lactic acid ethyl alcohol ATP ETC

11. KREBS CYCLE acetyl CoA oxaloacetic acid citric acid 2 turns FADH NAD+ FAD+ NADH NADH NAD+ NAD+ ADP NADH ATP

13. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP 2 NADH acetyl CoA FERMENTATION --> 2 ATP KREBS CYCLE 6 NADH lactic acid ethyl alcohol 2 FADH ETC ATP

14. ETC NADH FADH2

15. ETC ATP INNER COMPARTMENT ADP+Pi atp synthase Fig. 7.7b, p. 116

16. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic In AEROBIC RESPIRATION, How many ____ did you make? NADH? = FADH? = ATP? = CONVERSION STEP 2 NADH acetyl CoA FERMENTATION --> 2 ATP 10 KREBS CYCLE 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 ETC ATP 4

17. So, who goes down the ETC? In AEROBIC RESPIRATION, How many ____ did you make? NADH? = FADH? = ATP? = no O2 anaerobic x 3 = 30 ATP 10 FERMENTATION 2 x 2 = 4 ATP 4

18. ETC NADH FADH2

19. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP 2 NADH acetyl CoA FERMENTATION --> 2 ATP KREBS CYCLE 6 NADH lactic acid ethyl alcohol 2 FADH 38 ATP ETC

20. BUT WHAT IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN PRESENT ? • OR if we need more energy fast because you are doing strenuous exercise

21. FERMENTATION LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION glycolysis pyruvic acid glucose NADH + H NAD+ lactic acid

22. FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION glucose pyruvic acid glycolysis NAD+ NADH + H CO2 ethyl alcohol 2C compound

23. Which fermentation do you think Bees undergo with the nectar sugar?

24. Cellular Respiration glucose --> 2 ATP GLYCOLYSIS 2 NADH pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP 2 NADH acetyl CoA --> 0 ATP FERMENTATION --> 2 ATP KREBS CYCLE 6 NADH lactic acid ethyl alcohol 2 FADH 38 ATP ETC

25. Now… WHERE does each take place? cytosol = cytoplasm • Glycolysis  • Conversion step  • Krebs Cycle  • ETC  • Fermentation  matrix matrix cristae cytosol = cytoplasm

26. inner compartment outer compartment cytoplasm cristae outer mitochondrial membrane ETC inner mitochondrial membrane (see next slide) Fig. 7.5a, p. 114

27. 1 Pyruvate from cytoplasm enters inner mitochondrial compartment. OUTER COMPARTMENT 4 As electrons move through the transport system, H+ is pumped to outer compartment. NADH 3 NADH and FADH2 give up electrons and H+ to membrane-bound electron transport systems. acetyl-CoA NADH Krebs Cycle NADH ATP ATP 5 Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with H+ to form water. ATP 2 Krebs cycle and preparatory steps: NAD+ and FADH2 accept electrons and hydrogen stripped from the pyruvate. ATP forms. Carbon dioxide forms. ATP free oxygen ADP + Pi INNER COMPARTMENT 6 Following its gradients, H+ flows back into inner compartment, through ATP synthases. The flow drives ATP formation. Fig. 7.5b, p. 114

28. What is the equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION? 6 6 6 O2 CO2 H20 C6H12O6 • _______ + _______  _______ + _______ Is this an AEROBIC OR ANAEROBIC respiration equation? Hmm… we use glucose in ___________________________ So where do we use oxygen??? glycolysis ETC !

29. H2O !! u breathe out water vapor ETC O H+ ATP + + ????? INNER COMPARTMENT 34 ADP+Pi atp synthase Fig. 7.7b, p. 116

30. KILOCALORIE • Measurement of energy • =1000 calories

31. What is the energy efficiency of?  2 ATP • Glycolysis  • Conversion step  • Krebs Cycle  • ETC  • Fermentation   ! 0 ATP 2 ATP  lots of kcal!  ! 34 ATP  ! 0 ATP ETC which process is the MOST efficient?

32. What is EFFICIENCY? • Efficiency is how much energy you released from the energy you used.. • Effeciency = (#ATP made) x 12kcal 686kcal energy released by glucose What is the efficiency of aerobic respiration? = (38 x 12)/ 686 = .66 = 66% What is the efficiency of glycolysis? = (2 x 12)/ 686 = .035 = 3.5%

33. So…what are the 2 main processes of Cellular Respiration?

34. Cellular Respiration glucose GLYCOLYSIS pyruvic acid O2 aerobic no O2 anaerobic CONVERSION STEP acetyl CoA FERMENTATION KREBS CYCLE lactic acid ethyl alcohol ATP ETC