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Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration

Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration. Section 7-1 Glycolysis & Fermentation. Intro Video - 40 min. http://10.20.0.2/videos/pmp/videos/wm/1MB/72831-HAVT_1Mb.wmv Fill in notes 15 ? Quiz after. Objective 1: Define cellular respiration.

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Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration

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  1. Chapter 7 - Cellular Respiration Section 7-1 Glycolysis & Fermentation

  2. Intro Video - 40 min • http://10.20.0.2/videos/pmp/videos/wm/1MB/72831-HAVT_1Mb.wmv • Fill in notes • 15 ? Quiz after

  3. Objective 1: Define cellular respiration • Process of breaking down organic compounds (mainly glucose) to release energy (ATP) Cytosol Cytosol

  4. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) Cytosol Cytosol

  5. Objective 2: Describe the major events in glycolysis • Starts with glycolysis - the 1st step in cellular respiration - glucose  pyruvic acid (energy) – occurs in cytosol

  6. (see 7-1 ARG) • Each glucose  2 ATP (energy), 2 NADH (energy), & 2 pyruvic acid • Net 2 ATP b/c 2 used in step 1 • Pyruvic acid takes 1 of 2 pathways:

  7. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

  8. 1. anaerobic pathways > absence of oxygen • yield no additional ATP • use by many unicellular, some multicellular > ex. Fermentation

  9. 2. aerobic respiration > oxygen is present > produces considerable amount of ATP

  10. Objective 3: Compare and contrast lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation (p.129) both are processes that… • follow glycolysis, so use pyruvic acid • occur w/ little or no oxygen (O2) • produce noATP • regenerate NAD+ (electron acceptor) for step 3 of glycolysis

  11. Contrasts:

  12. Objective 4: Calculate the efficiency of glycolysis (p. 131) • kilocalorie (kcal) – unit of energy measurement; = 1,000 calories • It takes 12 kcals to make each ATP molecule

  13. In glycolysis, ____ ATP are produced; this requires ____ kcals • The oxidation of glucose releases 686 kcals

  14. Efficiency of glycolysis = Energy required to make ATP Energy released by oxidation of glucose • Efficiency of glycolysis = ---------- = ________ = _____ %

  15. Efficiency of glycolysis = Energy required to make ATP Energy released by oxidation of glucose • Efficiency of glycolysis = 2 X 12 = .035 = 3.5% 686 kcal

  16. 7.2 Aerobic Respiration

  17. Section 7-2 Aerobic Respiration 2 major stages, after glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain (ETC) http://10.20.0.2/videos/1/10621/chp892400_1000k.wmv

  18. Objective 5: Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle (see ARG 7-2) What happens between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Pyruvic acid: • 1) enters matrix (space inside inner membrane) • 2) reacts w/ CoA to form acetyl CoA • 3) other carbon is released as carbon dioxide gas, CO2

  19. Objective 6: Summarize the events of the electron transport chain (ETC)

  20. - NADH and FADH2 (from Krebs cycle) provide electrons

  21. - electron energy pumps hydrogen ions (H+) out of matrix & lose energy > builds up H+’s between 2 membranes

  22. - H+’s diffuse back into matrix through membrane protein, ATP synthase > energy used to make up to 34 ATP from ADP & P; process called chemiosmosis

  23. - final electron acceptor is oxygen, which also accepts protons (H+); forms water

  24. Aerobic Respiration

  25. Objective 7: Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion - Matrix contains enzymes that catalyze rxns. of Krebs cycle - inner folded membrane has large surfacearea for ETC – Prokayotes in cell membrane

  26. - proteins in inner membrane used as: 1) pumps to move H+’s & NADH (uses 2 ATP) out of inside the inner membrane 2) enzymes that catalyze chemiosmosis

  27. Objective 8: Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration • 36 ATP x 12 kcals = 432 kcals/686 kcals = 0.6297 = 63%, nearly 20 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration • 63/3.5 = 18

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