Kinds of Nouns

1. Kinds of Nouns California Content Standards: WC 8.1.4 – Grammar – Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used. WC 8.1.5 – Punctuation and Capitalization – Use correct punctuation and capitalization.

2. Kinds of Nouns Common and Proper Nouns A nounnames a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. All nouns are either proper or common. • A proper noun names aparticular person, place, thing, or idea. • Always capitalize proper nouns. • A common noun names ageneralclass of person, place, thing, or idea.

3. Kinds of Nouns Common and Proper Nouns Proper: The National Horse Show was held in April in New York. Common: The annual horse show was held last month in the city. Modeling Identify the common nouns and capitalize the proper nouns. A parade began the ohio horse show. Common: parade Proper: Ohio Horse Show His name was gremlin. Common: name Proper: Gremlin

4. Kinds of Nouns Common and Proper Nouns Check for Understanding Identify the common nouns and capitalize the proper nouns. A smile hid her fear. Common: smile, fear Teams from utah competed. Common: teams Proper: Utah

5. Kinds of Nouns Concrete and Abstract Nouns All nounsare either concrete or abstract. • Concrete nouns refer to materialthings, to people or to places. • Abstract nouns name ideas, feelings, or qualities. Concrete: Thisponyissmall. Abstract: Lin weptinsorrow. Concrete: people, Mexicans, Mount Hood, book, Tom Sawyer Abstract: love, relief, patriotism, language

6. Kinds of Nouns Concrete and Abstract Nouns Modeling Identify the concrete nouns and abstract nouns. Rain leaked through the roof of the stable. Concrete: Rain, roof, stable Lynn told us her ideas for the new stalls. Concrete: Lynn, stalls Abstract: ideas Jan shivered in anticipation. Concrete: Jan Abstract: anticipation

7. Kinds of Nouns Concrete and Abstract Nouns Check for Understanding Write each noun. Label it common or proper, and concrete or abstract. Capitalize the proper nouns. Is your class studying history? class – common, concrete history – common, abstract Racehorses are bred for speed and endurance. racehorses – common, concrete speed – common, abstract endurance – common, abstract

8. Kinds of Nouns Concrete and Abstract Nouns Guided Practice Do numbers 1 through 3 on page 23 Raise your hand. Wait for a stamp Independent Practice Complete page 23 Complete page 24

9. Compound and Collective Nouns California Content Standards: WC 8.1.4 – Grammar – Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used. WC 8.1.5 – Punctuation and Capitalization – Use correct punctuation and capitalization.

10. Compound and Collective Nouns Compound Nouns A noun of two or more words is acompound noun. • Some compound nouns are written as one word. • Some compound nouns are written as two or more words. • Some compound nouns are written with hyphens. • Check your dictionary to be sure of the spelling.

11. Compound and Collective Nouns Compound Nouns

12. Compound and Collective Nouns Collective Nouns Acollective nounnames a group or a collection ofpeople, animals, or thingsconsidered as aunit.

13. Compound and Collective Nouns Modeling Write the collective and compound nouns in sentence. If there is any disorder, the courtroom will be cleared. Compound: courtroom The lawyers for the state will be seated to the left of the judge. Collective: state The defense team will be seated to the right of the judge. Collective: team The press may not use cameras or tape recorders. Collective: press Compound: tape recorders

14. Compound and Collective Nouns Check for Understanding Write the collective and compound nouns in each sentence. The names of eyewitnesses will be given to the judge. Compound: eyewitnesses Gentlemen will wear suits. Ladies will wear suits or shirtwaists. Compound: Gentlemen, shirtwaists There will be no animals in the audience. Collective: audience

15. Compound and Collective Nouns Guided Practice Do numbers 1 through 3 on page 25. Raise your hand. Wait for stamp. Independent Practice Complete page 25. Complete page 26.

16. Combining Sentences: Appositives California Content Standards: WC 8.1.3 – Sentence Structure – Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to indicate clearly the relationship between ideas.

17. Combining Sentences: Appositives • Anappositive is anoun or noun phrase that identifies, describes, or renames the noun that it follows. • You can combine two related sentences by turning one of them into an appositive. • Use commas to set off most appositives from the rest of the sentence. • Commas show that the appositive gives extra information. It could be left out without changing the meaning of the sentence. • Sometimes an appositive identifies a noun and is central to the meaning of the sentence. Do not use commas to set off such an appositive.

18. Combining Sentences: Appositives Modeling Belle is a search-and-rescue dog. Belle is a German shepherd. Using apposition: With a Comma Belle, a German shepherd, is a search-and-rescue dog. Belle’s littermates are also search-and-rescue dogs. One littermate is named Sampson. Another littermate is named Blue. Using apposition: Without a Comma Belle’s littermate Sampson is also a search-and-rescue dog.

19. Combining Sentences: Appositives Modeling A dog uses alerts to indicate a discovery. Alerts are a bark and a sharp pull on its lead. Using apposition: With a Comma A dog uses alerts, a bark and a sharp pull on its lead, to indicate a discovery. The trainer taught Belle many search-and-rescue skills. Belle’s trainer is named Lucy Juarez. Using apposition: Without a Comma The trainer Lucy Juarez taught Belle many search-and-rescue skills.

20. Combining Sentences: Appositives Check for Understanding I work at Big Mountain Search Dogs. It is a dog-training facility. Using apposition: With a Comma I work at Big Mountain Search Dogs, a dog-training facility. The police use our dogs to rescue lost hikers or skiers after an avalanche or a big storm. An avalanche is a slide of either rock or snow. Using apposition: With a Comma The police use our dogs to rescue lost hikers or skiers after an avalanche, a slide of either rock or snow, or a big storm.

21. Combining Sentences: Appositives Check for Understanding Our dogs are expert sniffers. The names of the expert sniffers are Tobey and Mack. Using apposition: Without a Comma Our dogs Tobey and Mack are expert sniffers. A Newfoundland eats twenty-five pounds of dog food each week! The Newfoundland is a dog often used in rescue work. Using apposition: With a Comma A Newfoundland, a dog often used in rescue work, eats twenty-five pounds of dog food each week!

22. Combining Sentences: Appositives Guided Practice Combine the first two sentences on page 27 by using an appositive. Raise your hand. Wait for a stamp. Independent Practice Complete pages 27 and 28.

23. Singular and Plural Nouns California Content Standards: WC 8.1.6 – Spelling – Use correct spelling conventions.

24. Singular and Plural Nouns • Most nouns change form to show number. • A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. • A plural noun names more than one. • You form the plural of most nouns by simply adding –s to the singular. • Many other plural forms involve spelling changes. • Look up the word in your dictionary when you are not sure of its plural form.

25. Singular and Plural NounsRegular Forms of Plurals

26. Singular and Plural NounsIrregular Forms of Plurals

27. Singular and Plural Nouns Modeling What is the plural form of each noun? Harry Rule: Proper nouns ending in y Answer: Harrys mess Rule: Nouns ending in s, x, sh, ch, z – add –es Answer: messes life Rule: Some nouns ending in f or fe (change f to v first) Answer: lives

28. Singular and Plural Nouns Modeling What is the plural form of each noun? crisis Rule: Irregular form Answer: crises goose Rule: Irregular form Answer: geese 3 Rule: Letters, numbers in mathematics, symbols…add apostrophe and –s (‘s) Answer: 3’s

29. Singular and Plural Nouns Check for Understanding What is the plural form of each noun? grandchild Rule: Irregular form Answer: grandchildren church Rule: Nouns ending in ch, add –es Answer: churches

30. Singular and Plural Nouns Guided Practice Do numbers 1 and 2 on page 29 Raise your hand Wait for a stamp Independent Practice Complete page 29 and page 30.

31. Possessive Nouns California Content Standards: WC 8.1.6 – Spelling – Use correct spelling conventions.

32. Possessive Nouns

33. Singular and Plural Nouns Input • Possessive nouns show ownership or relationship. • A possessive noun always has an apostrophe (‘). Examples: Jade’s scissors (the scissors that belong to Jade) the dog’s whiskers (the whiskers of the dog) the workers’ demands (the demands that the workers made) Mike’s new address (the new address that Mike has)

34. Singular and Plural Nouns Input • If two or more people own a single thing, place the apostrophe after the last person’s name. Example: Miguel and Scott’s basketball • If each owns a thing separately, make each noun possessive. Example: Miguel’s and Scott’s basketballs

35. Singular and Plural Nouns Modeling Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns. the bikes that Ted and Nick each has Ted’s and Nick’s bikes the color of the rabbits the rabbits’ color the cat that David and Yolanda own together David and Yolanda’s cat the tractor trailers of her son-in-law her son-in-law’s tractor trailers

36. Singular and Plural Nouns Check for Understanding Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns. the clocks that my brother-in-law owns my brother-in-law’s clocks the spaghetti dinner that my cousins made my cousins’ spaghetti dinner the meow of the cat the cat’s meow

37. Singular and Plural Nouns Guided Practice Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns. the application that Alison made the request that our teachers made the car that my mother and father own Raise your hand Wait for a stamp

38. Singular and Plural Nouns Independent Practice Do pages 31, 33, and 34

39. Using Exact Nouns California Content Standards: WS 8.1.6 – Evaluation and Revision – Revise writing for word choice; appropriate organization; consistent point of view; and transitions between paragraphs, passages, and ideas.

40. Using Exact Nouns Input • Use exact nouns to present your ideas clearly so that readers will understand them. • By choosing a variety of nouns, you will also make your writing interesting and provide important details. Modeling Example: The students collected food and clothing for their community service project. The students collected canned soup, coats, sweaters and mittens for their community service project.

41. Using Exact Nouns Check for Understanding Revise the sentence by using a more exact noun in place of each underlined noun: Our grade 8 class is collecting things for a local place. Guided Practice Revise the sentences by using a more exact noun in place of each underlined noun: We need to get clothes for a variety of people. Since some are children, we also need things they can play with. Raise your hand Wait for a stamp

42. Using Exact Nouns Independent Practice Do page 35