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Electric Vehicles: Future Outlook and Policy Recommendations

Explore the sustainable technologies of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs), and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs). Understand the environmental benefits and policy actions necessary for widespread adoption. Learn about the significance of micro-BEVs for urban mobility and the key considerations for effective EV policies.

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Electric Vehicles: Future Outlook and Policy Recommendations

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  1. Electric Vehicles: outlook and policy actions needed Jacques de Selliers, Ir Managing DirectorGoing-Electric, Association for Electric Vehicles in Europe www.going-electric.org, jsm08@going-electric.org, tel: +32 475 55 20 26 Former importer of REVA electric cars in Belgium. EV outlook and policy actions needed

  2. Electric Vehicles:Key considerations EVs = 3 technologies of electrically powered vehicle: • Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) (= pure electric vehicles), • Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) (= Series Plug-in Hybrids), • Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs, fuelled by hydrogen). By far, they are the most sustainable car technologies: Nearly petrol-free, no urban pollution, 30% less primary energy, less CO2… 80% of cars mileage = short trips, slow speed, 1 occupant:  Small/ultra-small BEVs are ideal for this usage…  EREVs are fine for long trips – and FCVs even better!  BEV & EREV technologies are mature enough to fill all car markets. But they are temporarily expensive. What is missing for EVs to spread is: • The right initial incentives from public authorities (first priority = non-financial), • The right charging infrastructure (first priority is where EV drivers live), • Attractive EV models (which will only arrive after 1. & 2.). EV outlook and policy actions needed

  3. EV Sustainabilityversus ICV EVs (BEVs, EREVs & FCVs) are MUCH cleaner than ICVs. Compared to ICVs of same power and weight: • EVs use about 30% less primary energy • An electric car charged with petrol/biofuel-generated electricity uses about 30% less petrol/biofuel than an ICV... • EVs cause 25% less CO2 with the Chinese electricity mix • Even less CO2 as electricity generation gets cleaner (which is happening). • 70% less CO2 in the EU – Nearly zero CO2 in Norway, Sweden, France... • Same CO2 in the worse case (coal fired power plants). • EVs are silent and cause zero urban pollution • It is easier to reduce pollution from a few power plants than from millions of cars. • Reducing urban pollution saves health and building cleaning costs. • EVs reduce energy dependency • Over 50% of world’s petrol is used in road transport. • Electricity generation uses a variety of energies (including renewable) and little petrol. • EVs have a sustainable life cycle • Vehicle environmental impact: 25% = manufacturing + recycling, 75% = usage • EVs, batteries and fuel cells are very recyclable. EV outlook and policy actions needed

  4. Micro-BEVs are the urban future! • Fast in traffic and easy to park  objectively ideal for commuting & city-driving • Minimal consumption & emissions  very environmentally friendly • Minimal congestion of traffic and parking  very city-friendly Governments should especially promote micro-EVs! Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 4

  5. EV (BEV, EREV & FCV): car sales predictions EV outlook and policy actions needed

  6. The two key policy actions needed EVs are temporarily more expensive than ICVs Purchase incentives are initially needed Financial incentives: expensive to states Non-financial incentives: most effective! EVs need to charge – two different needs: At or near home: daily low power charging at night. In transit places: occasional high power recharging. Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 6

  7. Norway’s most effective incentives Saving time & hassles is invaluable to drivers! In congested cities: EV access to priority lanes Free unlimited parking for EVs Parking spots reserved for EVs No odd/even plate restrictions Free freeway tolls & congestion charge Successful EV introduction at no cost! Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 7

  8. Two different charging needs Key considerations: No one will buy an EV if he can’t charge it at/near home 80% daily trips < 60km  need << 15 kWh/day BEVs are NOT for very long trips ( EREVs and/or FCVs) Charging at night is better for the electrical network. Implications on charging needs Night charging at/near home is essential2-3 kW charging is usually enough  domestic plug Public charging in transit places is needed: Against range anxiety: low/medium power is enough For exceptional longer trips: high power charging (motorways). Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 8

  9. Other policy actions needed Other governmental actions needed for EV leadership: • Stimulate investments in EV and parts production plants, • Enable large scale fuel cell demonstration projects, • Promote Micro-EV development and commercialisation, • Stimulate training in EV related skills (electronics, chemistry…), • Abandon regulations forcing car manufacturers to invest in petrol vehicles improvements. EV outlook and policy actions needed

  10. Electric Vehicles:Conclusions EVs are the future, whether we want it or not. Petrol light vehicles will become obsolete in 2 or 3 decades. Governments must promote EVs with the right actionsif they want their car industry to survive. Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 10

  11. Thank you ! Going-Electric Printed on 4 January 2020 EV outlook and policy actions needed Page 11

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