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CHAPTER 25

CHAPTER 25. THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION. In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below.

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CHAPTER 25

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  1. CHAPTER 25 THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION

  2. In Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row,That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields. In Flanders Fieldsby John McCrae, May 1915

  3. QUIZ pp. 707-712 • What were two of the three long-range underlying forces that led to WW I? • What was the specific event in SARAJEVO in June 1914 that started World War I? • Who gave the “BLANK CHECK” to who? • What was the SCHLIEFFEN PLAN? • Why did Britain enter the war against Germany?

  4. QUIZ ANSWERS • COMPETITION STATES, COLONIAL AND COMERCIAL RIVALRY, NATIONALISM, INTERNAL PROBLEMS • ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND • GERMANY/KAISER GAVE THE BLANK CHECK TO AUSTRIA • KNOCK OUT FRANCE FIRST THEN DEAL WITH RUSSIA • GERMANY VIOLATION OF BELGIAN NEUTRALITY

  5. NATIONALISM AND INTERNAL DISSENT • Competition between states not cooperation • Colonial competition • Commercial competition • Brinksmanship • Nationalism • Internal problems and dissent

  6. MILITARISM • Belief that military power was the most important thing the military is always right • Growth of mass armies • Conscription • Mobilization plans • Military eagerness and inflexibility

  7. The Balkans = “the powder keg of Europe” • The rulers of Germany, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the United Kingdom attempting to keep the lid on the simmering cauldron of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913 but did not succeed in 1914.

  8. THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR – THE SUMMER OF 1914 • Balkans = the powder keg of Europe • Austria v. Russia • Austria v. Serbia • The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914 • SARAJEVO in Bosnia-Herzegovina • GAVRIL PRINCIP • THE BLACK HAND

  9. Heir to the Austrian throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie

  10. THE KAISER’S “BLANK CHECK” • Austria goes to Germany to get permission to punish Serbia • Germany says do what you want  we will back you!

  11. MOBILIZATION PLANS • Mobilization = getting your army equipped, organized, and moving towards the enemy • The military philosophy of the time said mobilize now!!! you will have the advantage over your enemy

  12. THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN • The problem for Germany  a two front war France in the West Russia in the East • Knock out France 1st then big slow Russia

  13. BELGIAN NEUTRALITY

  14. THE ROAD TO WW I  THE SUMMER OF 1914 • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand – June 28 • Austria ultimatum to Serbia – July 23 • Austria declares war on Serbia – July 28 • Russia mobilizes its army – July 29 • German ultimatum to Russia – July 31 • Germany declares war on Russia – August 1 • Germany declares war on France – August 3 • German troops invade Belgium – August 4 • Britain declares war on Germany – August 4

  15. THE GUNS OF AUGUST

  16. "The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our time". LORD GREY, BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARY

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