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WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II SECTION 1- PATH TO WAR

WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II SECTION 1- PATH TO WAR. Japan Relied on foreign sources for raw materials & manufactured goods. Sought more territory to gain more materials/goods. 1931: Japan invades Chinese province of Manchuria .

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WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II SECTION 1- PATH TO WAR

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  1. WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 20- WORLD WAR II SECTION 1- PATH TO WAR

  2. Japan • Relied on foreign sources for raw materials & manufactured goods. Sought more territory to gain more materials/goods. • 1931: Japan invades Chinese province of Manchuria. • 1932: Japan renamed Manchuria- Manchukuo. Former Chinese emperor Pu Yi as puppet leader. • League of Nations investigated Japan’s actions. Ordered Japan to return Manchuria to China. • 1933: Japan withdraws from League. League powerless.

  3. Japan con’t • 1937: Japan captures eastern & southern Chinese cities. Wanted access to oil reserves of East Indies for ships and airplanes. • Nanjing, Chinese capital- Japanese kill 200,000 civilians. • National government of Chiang Kai- Shek retreats inland & forms alliance with western powers. • 1937-1945: Nationalists, Chinese Communists (Mao) & Japanese fought each other for control of China.

  4. Italy & Ethiopia • Italy wants to secure Ethiopia in Africa. • 1934: Italians & Ethiopians fight in disputed zone on border of Ethiopia & Italian Somaliland. • Mussolini demanded an apology & reparations. Ethiopia asks League of Nations to investigate. League’s decision- each side viewed area as own territory, neither side to blame.

  5. Italy & Ethiopia con’t • League didn’t satisfy Mussolini- he wanted to colonize Ethiopia. • 1835: Italian forces invade Ethiopia. Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie appeals to League. League imposes economic sanctions on Italy. League ineffective. Mussolini conquered Ethiopia & annexed it in 1936.

  6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtxL3idYS6k

  7. Spanish Civil War • King Alfonso XIII abdicated in 1931. Spain became a Republic. • Government imposed social reforms. Right-wing groups oppose the Republic. • July 1936: Spanish Morocco- right-wingers stage uprising that spreads to Spain. • Spanish Nationalists, led by General Franco, and left-wing loyalists (Spanish Republicans) fight for control of Spain.

  8. Spanish Civil War con’t • Soviets support Loyalists. Germans & Italians help Nationalists. Volunteers from Britain, France, U.S. & other countries form International Brigade & fight for Republican cause against fascism. • Western governments didn’t get involved- feared another war.

  9. Spanish Civil War con’t • Hitler, Germany’s dictator, saw Spanish Civil War as opportunity to strengthen ties with Italy & Spain as a source for iron ore & magnesium. • Herman Goering, head of Luftwaffe (German Air Force) used Spanish towns & cities as testing grounds for new weapons and military tactics.

  10. Spanish Civil War con’t • Summer 1936: Nationalists take most of western Spain. • 1938: Soviets stop aid to Loyalists. Franco launches last offensive. • Republic topples. Franco establishes a totalitarian, fascist government. Does not ally with Italy & Germany.

  11. Hitler • Lebenstraum (living space) for growing German population. • March 1936: violates Versailles Treaty & invades the Rhineland. • October 1936: Hitler & Mussolini agree to Rome-Berlin Axis. • Italy & Germany become the Axis Powers. Later, join Japan in Anti-Comintern Pact, alliance against Soviet communism.

  12. Hitler con’t • Stalin urged the West to unite against the Axis. West refused- feared war & distrusted Stalin. • Hitler desired Germany to be joined with Austria. • March 1938: Hitler sent troops to Austria & proclaimed it part of Germany. Said he was promoting political stability- uniting German-speaking peoples.

  13. Tension in Europe • Sept 15, 1938: Hitler demands that the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) be given to Germany. • British Prime Minister Chamberlain accepted demands. Believed appeasement- granting concessions to maintain peace, would stabilize Europe.

  14. Sudetenland….Did the Czechs ever have a chance at defense?

  15. Munich Agreement • Sept 29, 1938: Hitler & Chamberlain meet again along with French Premier Daladier & Mussolini. • Mussolini proposed compromise. Germany would control Sudetenland & respect Czechoslovakia’s sovereignty. • Hitler promised not to seize any more European territory & settle disputes through negotiation. • Sept 30, 1938: Czechoslovakia reluctantly agreed to Munich Agreement.

  16. Munich Agreement con’t • Chamberlain trusted Hitler but was proved wrong. (Says we have achieved “peace in our time” • March 15, 1939: Hitler sent army to Czechoslovakia & took control of western part. (eastern part becomes German “puppet state” • Hitler could no longer be trusted & Europe prepares for war.

  17. Brink of War • March 1939: Hitler pressures Lithuania& Poland. British & French support Poland & Poland rejects Hitler’s demands. • The West had to consider the Soviets as they were neighbors of Poland. • British did not trust Stalin. • Confusion over the greater enemy- the Fascists or Communists.

  18. Brink of War con’t • Chamberlain, despite reservations, asked Soviets to ally with Britain & France against Germany. • Stalin would agree with alliance only if the Soviets could occupy land between Finland & Bulgaria. • Chamberlain refused Stalin’s request.

  19. Brink of War con’t • Aug 23, 1939: Secret pact between Soviets & Germany- Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. • Never attack each other • Remain neutral if one goes to war • Create spheres of influence- Germany occupy western part of Poland & Soviets eastern part. • Agreement short-term. Allowed Soviets to prepare for war & Germany to secure its eastern border. • Pact shocked Western Leaders- war inevitable. • Sept 1, 1939: Hitler invaded Poland. • Sept 3, 1939: Great Britain & France declare war on Germany. World War II started.

  20. WW2 early events Germany Italy and Japan Lists…. Japan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-99EUmWyk4

  21. Time line of 12 + events ….With 2 pics or 2 fake 1 paragraph news reports covering key events which came just before WW2.…

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