Basic Concepts of Judaism |

1. 3 April 2018EQ – What are the basic concepts of Judaism? • Grab a packet from the front table when you come in • Bellringer – What is Monotheism? What is Polytheism? Can you give examples of each? • The Early Hebrews – Cornell Notes • HW : Write Summary for Cornell Notes • Bottom of each page – min. of 3 sent per side • Quiz over The Early Hebrews & Christianity Friday (Chapter 7.1 & 11.2)

2. 3 April 2018EQ – What are the basic beliefs of Judaism? • Grab a packet from the front table as you come in • Bellringer – What is Monotheism? What is Polytheism? Can you give examples of each? • The Early Hebrews – Notes in Packet • HW : Read Chapter 11.2 (page 332 – 338) and do the Cornell Notes for Packet pages 4 & 5; due Thursday • Quiz over The Early Hebrews & Christianity Friday (Chapter 7.1 & 11.2)

3. The Early Hebrews

4. Judaism • The religion of the Hebrews and the oldest monotheistic religion. The Star of David Question: What does the Star of David represent? Answer: Through our long and often difficult history, we have come to the realization that our only hope is to place our trust in God. The Magen David (literally "Shield of David") has six-points, which symbolize that God rules over the universe and protects us from all six directions: North, South, East, West, Up and Down. A similar symbolism is found in reading the "Shema." ("Code of Jewish Law" O.C. 61:6)

5. Beginnings in Canaan and Egypt: • Archeologists trace history back to start between 2000 and 1500 BCE • The Hebrew Bible traces the Hebrews back to a man named Abraham. • According to the Hebrew Bible, God told Abraham to leave his home in Mesopotamia and take his family on a journey to the west. God promised to lead Abraham to a new land and make his descendants a mighty nation. • Abraham left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan. • Later some Hebrews move to Egypt • Doing well in Egypt so…..

6. The Exodus • According to the Hebrew Bible, a leader named Moses appeared among the Hebrews in Egypt. • In the 1200sBc, God told Moses to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt. • Moses led his people out of Egypt in a journey called the Exodus. • Pharaoh refused – soon after plagues, struck Egypt – this frightened the pharaoh so much that he agreed to free the Hebrews • For many years, the Hebrews wandered through the desert trying to return to Canaan. During this time, they reached a mountain named Sinai. Here, the Hebrew Bible claims, is where God gave Moses two stone tablets. On the tablets was written The Ten Commandments.

7. Ten Commandments Exodus 20:2-14, from The Living Torah “I am God your Lord, who brought you out of Egypt, from the place of slavery. • Do not have any other gods before Me. • Do not take the name of God your Lord in vain…. • Remember the Sabbath to keep it holy. • Honor your father and your mother…. • Do not commit murder. • Do not commit adultery. • Do not steal. • Do not testify as a false witness against your neighbor. • Do not be envious of your neighbor’s house. • Do not be envious of your neighbor’s wife… or anything else that is your neighbor’s.”

8. 4 Basic Beliefs • 4 Basics Beliefs: • 1. Belief in God. • Many people believe that Judaism was the world’s first monotheistic religion. • The Hebrew name for god is Yahweh. • Monotheism – The belief in only one god.

9. 4 Basic Beliefs • 2. Belief in Education • 3. Belief in Justice and Righteousness • This means kindness and fairness when dealing with everyone • Righteousness refers to doing what is proper even if others around them are not.

10. 4 Basic Beliefs • 4. Belief in Obedience & Law • Most important – Ten Commandments • The Mosaic Laws also guide Jew’s daily lives. • Named for Moses – believe he recorded a why system of laws that Yahweh had set for them to obey. • Govern how people eat, pray & celebrate holidays http://www.gods-10-commandments.com/images/tencommandments_moses.gif

11. Question: What is Kosher Food? • Answer: • Kosher food is food prepared in accordance with Jewish Dietary Laws.In their most "biblical" form, Jewish Dietary Laws state: • Pork, rabbit, eagle, owl, catfish, sturgeon, and any shellfish, insect or reptile are non-kosher. • Other species of meat and fowl must be slaughtered in a prescribed manner to be kosher. • Meat and dairy products may not be made or consumed together. • A kosher food that is processed or cooked together with a non-kosher food, or any derivative of a non-kosher food, becomes non-kosher. For example, food coloring derived from a shellfish and used in a cake makes the cake non-kosher.While Jewish Dietary Laws originated in the Bible (Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 17), they have been codified and interpreted over the centuries by rabbinical authorities.

12. Jewish Texts • The Torah - the most sacred text In addition to laws, the Torah includes a history of Jewish laws until the death of Moses. Nearly every synagogue or Jewish house of worship, has at least one Torah. • Old Testament (Only) http://torahimages.com/torah-3/

13. Judaism and Later Cultures • For centuries, Jewish ideas have greatly influenced other cultures, especially those in Europe and the Americas. • Historians call European and American cultures the Western World. • Many Jewish ideas helped shape the largest religion of Western society today, Christianity. • The United States today has a larger Jewish population than any other country in the world.

14. Jewish and Later Cultures • Jesus, whose teachings are the basis of Christianity, was Jewish and many of his teaching reflect Jewish ideas. • Judaism also influenced the development of another major religion, Islam. • The first people to adopt Islam believed that they, like the Hebrews, are the descendants of Abraham.

15. Other key word to know: • Diaspora- The scattering of Jews outside the land of Canaan.