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Judaism

Judaism. Chapter 2 Section 5 Roots of Judaism. Ancient Israel. Israelites developed Judaism along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea 4,000 years ago Israelites are also called Hebrews. Early History. Hebrews Ancestors of the Israelites and Jews

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism Chapter 2 Section 5 Roots of Judaism

  2. Ancient Israel • Israelites developed Judaism along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea • 4,000 years ago • Israelites are also called Hebrews

  3. Early History • Hebrews • Ancestors of the Israelites and Jews • We know about them through accounts written about early history and the laws of Judaism • These accounts became the Hebrew Bible

  4. Belief System • Monotheistic • Believed in an all-knowing, all-powerful God who was present everywhere • Believed history and faith were intertwined • History was recorded in the Torah • Sacred text • First 5 books of the Hebrew Bible • Talmud • Record of Jewish laws and customs

  5. Abraham • Considered to be the father of the Hebrews • Led his family from Ur to Canaan • The Bible traces the Hebrews back to Abraham • Abraham was commanded by God to leave Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan

  6. The Covenant • God made a covenant to Abraham • “You shall be the father of a multitude of nations… I will make nations of you and kings shall come forth from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your descendants after you. And I will give to you, and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojourning, all the land of Canaan…”

  7. The Covenant • Became a basis for two key beliefs • God declared he would have a special relationship with Abraham and his descendants • Chosen People • Canaan would one day belong to the Israelites • Promised Land • Moses • Renewed the covenant to the Israelites • Moses led the people out of Egypt • Returned to Canaan

  8. The Exodus • The Israelites later moved to Egypt where their population grew more • The pharaoh began enslaving Israelites • Moses became the leader of the Israelites • 1200s BC God told Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt • Moses demanded the Pharaoh free the Israelites, when he refused a series of plagues struck Egypt • Frightened, the Pharaoh freed the slaves • The journey out of Egypt was called The Exodus

  9. Kingdom of Israel • 1000 BC • 12 separate tribes united by David • King Solomon built up the city of Jerusalem • Built a temple to God • Negotiated with Egypt and other powerful empires

  10. Division of the Kingdom • High taxes and forced labor resulted in revolts about 922 BC • Kingdom split into Judah in the south and Israel in the north • Remained independent for 200 years

  11. Conquest • 722 BC Assyrians conquered Israel • 586 BC Babylonian armies captured Judah • Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Solomon’s temple • Forced exile • Babylonian Captivity • 539 BC Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and freed the Israelites • Known as Jews • Returned to Judah • Rebuilt a smaller version of Solomon’s temple

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