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Climate Change and Transport in Hungary: Issues, Challenges, and Strategies

Explore the projected climate change in Hungary and potential impacts on transportation. Learn about adaptation strategies, mitigation measures, and guiding principles in the Hungarian Energy Policy relevant to climate change. Discover proposals for CO2 emissions reduction in the transport sector.

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Climate Change and Transport in Hungary: Issues, Challenges, and Strategies

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  1. Dr. Lajos CSEPI(State Secretary for Transport ) Hungary CLIMATE CHANGE: ENERGY AND TRANSPORT Issues, challenges and strategies in Hungary

  2. Contents Projected climate change in Hungary (Carpathian Basin) Potential impacts of climate change on transportation Adaptation: incorporating climate change into transport plans, programmes and policies Mitigation: Strategies and Instruments CO2-emissions by sector and subsector in EU-27 and in Hungary Guiding principles in the Hungarian Energy Policy relevant for climate change Conclusions Proposals 2

  3. Projected climate change in Hungary 3 Reference period: climate of years from 1961 to 1990 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  4. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation Focusing on Road Transport (1) Main effects: – Increase of very hot days and heat waves – More frequent precipitation events – Increasing frequency and intensity ofstrong winds Summarized results: warming of Hungary’s climate will be 20–25% greater than Earth’s average, especially in summer Affected infrastructure: – flooding of roads, railways andairports – increase of temperature of roadsurface and rails in summer(decrease of working load ofpavement) 4 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  5. Impacts on traffic safety: – Increasing intensity of side winds on roads – Increasing intensity of weather fronts – Increasing heat waves Change of habits and demands of transport(passengers and goods) Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation Focusing on Road Transport (2) Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 5

  6. Adaptation: incorporating of climate change into transport plans, programmes andpolices More strategic, risk based approaches are needed for investment decisions of redesigning and retrofitting transport infrastructure Inventory is needed of critical infrastructure (focusing on roads) affected by climate change Integration of information on extreme weather into the public information system Development of programmes for adaptation strategies for the near and medium terms regarding vehicle fleets and road infrastructures Integrate emergency planning into operation Large scale use of air condition in vehicles 6 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  7. Mitigation strategies and instruments I.Strategies: Carbon tax systems CO2 emission trading Evaluation of CO2 reduction Harmonisation of policy for energy, climate change and sustainability Improvement of safety of energy supply by diversification of motor fuels Improvement of energy efficiency of vehicles(20% by 2020) Reduction of greenhouse gases (20% by 2020) Increase of share of renewable energy (biofuels)(20% by 2020) Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 7

  8. II.Specific instruments for the transport sector: Direct effects: Fuel taxation (special carbon tax) Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emission User charges for infrastructure use with differentiation or mark-ups for CO2 Regulation and standards Indirect effects: • Development of transport infrastructure • Planning of land-use, influencing transport demands • Development new technologies of vehicles Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 8

  9. 9 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  10. 10 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  11. 11 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  12. 12 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  13. CO2 Emission in Hungary byRoad Transport Source: KTI (Institutefor Transport Sciences) 13

  14. 14 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  15. Guiding Principles in the Hungarian Energy Policy (2008–2020) Relevant for Climate Change (40/2008. (IV.17.) Parliamentary Decree) The Hungarian energy policy has to contribute to the sustainable development by means of decrease of specific energy consumption and increase of renewable energy sources (Point 4) The harmony between the Hungarian policies of energy and climate change has to be guaranteed (Point 5) The framing and implementation of the Hungarian transport policy has to correspond to the energy policy especially regarding the decrease of harmful emissions of transport and increase of biofuels (Point 6) 15 Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  16. Hungary supports the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations Strategy for CO2 reduction: “From fossil fuels to H2 and electricity” Short term (2015) Energy efficiency by engine technology, TPMS, rolling resistance …. Use of sustainable bio-fuels Mid term (2015-2025) Plug-in hybrid vehicles in the market Long term (2025-2040) Electric and Hydrogen vehicles in the market Sustainable and cost-effective generation of electricity and production of H2 is needed Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences)

  17. Conclusions/1 The transport’s, especially the road transport’s share of CO2 emission is determinant and increasing The regulations on CO2 emission of passenger cars can be considered as first positive signal on the roadmap for the CO2 reduction policy of EU The light duty and heavy duty trucks have a large share in the CO2 emissions of road transport but no regulation in this respect up to now The rapid increase of CO2 emission of the new member countries can be prevented by replacement of their old vehicle fleets, and by planned influencing of import of old, used vehicles having high fuel consumption Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 17

  18. Conclusions/2 The present economic crisis offers possibilities for investments in this way for renewal of old vehicle fleets thus for introducing new efficient technologies The climate change will generate qualitative problems but not quantitative ones for the home transport Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 18

  19. Proposals Efficiency targets and requirements have to be introduced for light duty and heavy duty trucks and city buses Testing procedures and efficiency targets have to be elaborated for air conditioning systems used in vehicles as well as for tyres The replacement of old road vehicles has to be supported EU-wide Information of forecast on weather extremes (short-range and medium-range) has to be improved and realise in international cooperationas soon as possible Source: KTI (Institute for Transport Sciences) 19

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