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Fractional distillation, Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking.

Fractional distillation, Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking. Sam White. C rude oil. Oil is a fossil fuel created by the breakdown of plant and animal remains. Crude oil, mixture of Alkanes. Crude oil can react in the atmosphere with water to create sulphuric acid.

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Fractional distillation, Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking.

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  1. Fractional distillation, Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking. Sam White

  2. Crude oil • Oil is a fossil fuel created by the breakdown of plant and animal remains. • Crude oil, mixture of Alkanes. • Crude oil can react in the atmosphere with water to create sulphuric acid.

  3. Fractional distillation of crude oil • Crude oil must be separated to make it into useful products through fractional distillation • This is done by heating the oil and collecting the fractions at different ranges of temperatures.

  4. Uses of crude oil • Tar/bitumen- Roads and roofing • Fuel oil- Ships, power stations • Lubricating oil and waxes- Engine oil • Diesel oil- Lorries and taxis • Kerosene/paraffin- jet fuel, lighting • Gasoline/petrol- Cars • Gases

  5. Industrial cracking • Low demand for long chain fractions. • Economically useful to crack them into smaller chains • Some of the products are alkenes which are more reactive than Alkanes. • Alkenes are used to convert into a whole range of different compounds and products such as paint and drugs.

  6. Thermal cracking • Involves heating Alkanes to a high temperature and pressure • These form shorter chains which are higher in demand. • Usually creates an alkenes.

  7. Catalytic cracking • Just like thermal cracking but at a lower temperature and pressure and involved the use of a zeolite catalyst. • Zeolite catalysts have a huge surface area and are acidic. • The products made are mostly branched alkanes and cycloalkanes.

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