1 / 9

Fractional distillation of crude oil Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking

Fractional distillation of crude oil Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking. By Craig Wilson. What is fractional distillation?. Fractional distillation is the separation of a material into its separate fractions.

garin
Download Presentation

Fractional distillation of crude oil Industrial cracking and catalytic cracking

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fractional distillation of crude oilIndustrial cracking and catalytic cracking By Craig Wilson

  2. What is fractional distillation? Fractional distillation is the separation of a material into its separate fractions. The main use of this is in the distillation of crude oil into various substances such as petrol and diesel.

  3. What are the products? • The products of crude oil (and their boiling points) are as follows: • Gases(310 degrees) • Petrol (310-450) • Naphtha (400-490) • Kerosene (430-523) • Gas oil (590-620) • Fuel oil and wax (above 620)

  4. Uses of the products • Petrol- fuel for cars • Gases- keeping houses warm • Naphtha- making plastics • Kerosene- aeroplane fuel

  5. Industrial cracking This is when longer chain fractions of crude oil are broken down into more useful, shorter fractions. This has 2 useful results: • Shorter, more useful, chains are produced, especially petrol. • Some of the products are alkenes, which are more reactive than alkanes.

  6. Uses of industrial cracking The alkenes which are created are used as chemical feedstock. This means they supply industry with starting materials to make other useful materials. They are also made into other compounds such as polymers , paint and drugs. The most important of the alkenes is ethene which is the starting material for polythene and a wide range of other everyday materials.

  7. Cracking alkanes As alkanes are very unreactive, harsh conditions are needed to break them down. There are 2 main ways of doing this thermal and catalytic.

  8. Thermal cracking This reaction involves heating alkanes to 700-1200K and 7000kPa. This breaks carbon-carbon double bonds so that one electron from each pair goes to each carbon atom. These are called free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive intermediates and they react to form a variety of short chain molecules.

  9. Catalytic cracking This takes place at about 720K and a slightly lower pressure than thermal cracking and uses a zeolite catalyst, which consists of silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide. This type of cracking is used mainly to make motor fuels. In this type of cracking the products are separated using fractional distillation.

More Related