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Resistance. Electrostatic interaction. Fluid friction. A constant force leads to a constant current. No voltage. I=0. Higher voltage. F. I. Higest voltage. Resistance (2). No voltage. I=0. Voltage. F. I. U. Capacitor. +. +. I. -I. U. U. An „analogy“ to capacitor.
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Resistance Electrostatic interaction Fluid friction. A constant force leads to a constant current No voltage I=0 Higher voltage F I Higest voltage Analog circuit design
Resistance (2) No voltage I=0 Voltage F I U Analog circuit design
Capacitor + + I -I U U An „analogy“ to capacitor Smaller voltage Higher voltage Analog circuit design
Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Inductance Intertia instead friction In the case of constant force, the current inctreases constantly No voltage I=0 Voltage F I ≈ 0, t = 0 I>>0, Später Analog circuit design
Amplifier Power supply Vout Resistor Operating point Operating point Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier Vout Higher potential Lower potential than DC Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier - linearity Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – small signal gain Vout Slope of the line is small signal gain Vout Vin Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – dynamic range Vout Output dynamic range Input dynamic range Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – fine balanced amplifier Vout Antenna Reference point Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – unbalanced amplifier Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – unbalanced amplifier Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – stabilizing of operating point Vout Input of voltage divider Voltage divider Vin Output of voltage divider Analog circuit design
Amplifier – dimensioning of volt. div Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – dimensioning of volt. div Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – stabilizing of operating point Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – stabilizing of operating point Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – stabilizing of operating point Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – stabilizing of operating point Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – gain with feedback Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – gain with feedback Vout DC point Vin Signal Analog circuit design
Amplifier – gain with feedback Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – gain with feedback Vout Vin Analog circuit design
Amplifier – gain with feedback Vout Output signal Signal DC Vin Analog circuit design
Feedback analysis Xo Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Xs Amplifier Input signal source Output Feedback The cut Analog circuit design
Test circuits Measurement-point - blue Short Test-source - red AIN – Gain in input network A – active Gain - Feedback FF – feed forward T – loop gain Analog circuit design
Output impedance Current is measured Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Xo=Io Xs=Vs Voltage sorce at output Feedback Rout=Vs/Io Analog circuit design
Output impedance (t11) Io Passive network Xi* Passive network Vs Feedback Rout=Vs/Io Dead gain impedance Analog circuit design
Output impedance (t12 t22) Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Feedback Short circuit loop gain Analog circuit design
Output impedance Voltage is measured Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Xo=Vo Xs=Is Current source at output Feedback Rout=Vs/Io Analog circuit design
Output impedance (t‘11) Passive network Passive network Vo Is Rout=Vs/Io Feedback Dead gain impedance Analog circuit design
Output impedance (t‘12 t‘22) Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Rout=Vs/Io Feedback Open circuit loop gain Analog circuit design
Output impedance – equation Passive network Xi Xi* Passive network Xi Xi* Feedback Analog circuit design
Output impedance R=? R0 – dead gain output impedance Short circuit Open circuit Short circuit TOC TSC Loop gains Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Noninverting amplifier Xo Xs Xi Xi ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 Measured signals are in blue R1 Independent sources are in red Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Input network gain Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Active gain Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Feedback Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Feed forward Xo Xs Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Gain with feedback ROUT Xs + + Xo R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Short-circuit loop gain Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + R2 R1 Analog circuit design
+ + - GUIN Open-circuit loop gain Xi Xi* ROUT Xs + R2 R1 Analog circuit design