PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING

1. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING KLUTSEY ELLEN E. SONAM UHAS

2. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING At the end of the lessons, students should be able to • List and explain at least two principles that guide nursing actions • Discuss Maslow's hierarchy of needs and its relevance to nursing • Outline the nursing process and • Plan care for a chosen patient using the nursing process.

3. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING • Man as a unique individual; maintaining the individuality of man Every individual client is unique and needs to be treated as such. Even two patients with the same disease condition may differ in their needs. It is therefore necessary to avoid generalized nursing; care must tailored to meet the individual needs.

4. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING • Man as a living organism; maintaining the physiological function of man. Man as a living organism, exhibits the characteristics of living things; • Respiration-(breath either normally or through artificial means) • Nutrition (maintain adequate nutrition through the per os or through artificial means) • Elimination • Locomotion • Response to stimuli • Reproduction

5. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING • Man and his environment; protecting man from injury The client must be protected from injury, internally and externally External injuries include; • Burns from hot water bottle, • Fracture from falls • Injuries from procedures • Crush injury from cylinders etc.

6. PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE NURSING Internal injuries may include: • Overdose of drugs • Elevation of sugar levels above the limit • Nosocomial infections etc. • Emotional trauma • It means security, stability, protection and freedom from fear and anxiety.

7. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Maslow believed that there an organism/human is constantly motivated to meet changing needs. These needs he ranked in order (hierarchy) with physiological needs first and the secondary needs ascending.

8. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

9. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Physiological /basic needs are the physical needs inherent in all human beings; among them are the needs for oxygen, food, fluids, sleep and procreation. • The effect of the denial of these basic needs are so obvious and measurable; these needs must be met minimally for life to continue otherwise death ensues.

10. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Safety Needs Safety is both physiological and psychological. It entails shelter, safe environment/community. The financial security from job gives both physical and psychological relieve. Freedom from separation, quarrelling, disorder, and a sense of loss; regular contact with people we trust and feel close to assures safety.

11. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Love and Belonging Needs Our feeling of security is reinforced when we know where we stand in relation to others and who we are to them; this reflection of ourselves in the eyes of others as well as our ability to interpret other people’s selves to them is the essence of belongingness. Humans are social beings and need mutually meaningful relationships with other people. • For an infant, it may be love towards a mother-figure; for and adult, it may be devotion towards another or a group.

12. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Self-esteem Needs Some level of self-esteem is achieved from the feeling that we are valued by those around us; when people who matter to us express acceptance and approval toward us. It also comes from within; our approval of ourselves based on our adequacy, performance and capacity in the various arenas of our lives. Some people gain and maintain self-esteem by performing their jobs competently and contributing to the wellbeing of their families, professions and communities

13. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Self Actualization Needs Self actualization refers to a sense of fulfilment; to do in life with joy what one wants to do and is suited for.

14. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Setting Priorities. The hierarchy can be used to used to prioritize nursing care of patients. E.g. when a person can breath more easily, he can then think about his job.