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Brief overview of 6 Kingdoms

Classification & Taxonomy. Brief overview of 6 Kingdoms . Classification. Grouping of objects or information based on similarities Helps scientists understand what different species have in common with each other

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Brief overview of 6 Kingdoms

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  1. Classification & Taxonomy Brief overview of 6 Kingdoms

  2. Classification • Grouping of objects or information based on similarities • Helps scientists understand what different species have in common with each other • Helps discover & understand what factors caused different evolutionary variations in particular families over a period of time • Accomplished through the use of taxonomic study and devices

  3. Early Classification Systems Early systems classified plants as edible or toxic Aristotle Greek philosopher who developed the first method of classification Groups: • Plant= herbs, shrubs, & trees • Animals = land, air, & water

  4. Carolus Linnaeus Swedish botanist (1700s); “Father of Modern Classification” (Taxonomy); used physical characteristics to classify organisms; created a binomialsystem of nomenclature(2 word name) Class of species

  5. Organisms may have many common names, but only 1 scientific nameex. Felisconcolor= Cougar, Puma, Mountain Lion, Panther, Cat-a-mount • Animal Groups = Phyla • Plant Groups = Divisions • TAXA of CLASSIFICATION: (subspecies) Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom

  6. Taxonomy • the science of classifying living things; deals with the description, nomenclature, & classification of “things” Purposes of Taxonomy: • Convenience of Study • Shows Evolutionary Relationships • When the Changes Occurred

  7. Polynomial System of Nomenclature System which uses several names to describe an organism, i.e. Turdus minor cinero-albus non maculates (thrush, small, grayish-white, without, spots)—Mocking Bird

  8. Binomial System of Nomenclature System of naming things – each individual gets a 2-part name; i.e. Mimuspolyglottos (mimic of many languages)—Mocking Bird Binomial Name (Scientific Name) Usually written in Latin; 1st word is genus name & 2nd word is species (trivial) name; today can be followed by subspecies

  9. Rules for WritingBinomial Names • Genus name capitalized • Species name lower case • Both names underlined or italicized

  10. Modern Taxonomy Based On • Physical Appearance • How & Where They Live • Evolutionary Ancestry • Genetic Similarities • Biochemical Similarities

  11. 6 Kingdoms Overview Formally K. Monera Prokaryotic cells (primitive cell structure w/out nuclear membrane); no membrane-bound organelles; nearly all unicellular (some exist in multicellular clusters) • Archaebacteria live in harshest environments; no petidoglycan in cell wall; autotrophic • Eubacteria petidoglycan in cell walls; heterotrophic

  12. Protista – (means first); Eukaryotic cells; both unicellular & multicellular; groups based on method of nutrition, motility, & type of reproduction 3 types: • Protozoa (animal-like); heterotrophic; Paramecium, Ameba • Algae (plant-like); autotrophic; Spirogyra; Volvox • Slime Molds (fungus-like); heterotrophic; slime & water molds

  13. Fungi Eukaryotic; heterotrophic (absorbs food); organized into branched, multinucleated filaments; both multicellular (bread mold, mushrooms) & unicellular (yeasts)

  14. Plants Eukaryotic; autotrophic (photosynthetic); multicellular

  15. Animals Eukaryotic; heterotrophic (ingests food); multicellular; largest kingdom

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