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Complex Lipids Sections 13.4-13.8

Complex Lipids Sections 13.4-13.8. By: Cassie Webb and Alyssa Keifer. 13.4 What are the Structures of Complex Lipids?. Main components of membranes Classified into two groups Phospholipids Contain an alcohol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group Two types

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Complex Lipids Sections 13.4-13.8

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  1. Complex LipidsSections 13.4-13.8 By: Cassie Webb and Alyssa Keifer

  2. 13.4 What are the Structures of Complex Lipids? • Main components of membranes • Classified into two groups • Phospholipids • Contain an alcohol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group • Two types • Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids • Glycolipids • Complex lipids contain carbohydrates

  3. 13.5 What Role Do Lipids Play in the Structure of Membranes? • Complex lipids form membranes around body cells and small structures inside the cells (organelles)

  4. Unsaturated Fatty Acids • Lipid molecules in bilayer contain at least one • Prevent tight packing of hydrophobic chains • Provides a liquid-like character to membranes • Similar effect causes lower melting points than saturated

  5. Membranes • Separate cells from external environment and provide the transportation for nutrients and waste products into and out of the cells • Made of lipid bilayers • Two layers of complex lipid molecules arranged tail to tail • Hydrophobic • Get as far from water as possible • Hydrophilic • On the surface

  6. Membranes cont. • Lipid part acts as barrier against movement of ions or polar compounds in or out. • Protein molecules located on the surface, partly, or fully in the bilayer • Polar compounds transported through protein channels or active transport.

  7. Fluid Mosaic Model • Allows the passage of nonpolar compounds by diffusion • Mosaic: meaning topography of bilayers • Fluid: meaning free lateral motion in bilayers making it liquid-like

  8. 13.6 What are Glycerophospholipids? • Structure similar to fats • Membrane components of cells throughout the body • Alcohol in it is glycerol

  9. Glycerophospholipids Composed of • 2 of 3 groups are esterified fatty acids • May be any long-chain carboxylic acids with or without double bonds • 3rd group is esterified by a phosphate group • Esterified to another alcohol

  10. Letchin • Another name • A major component of egg yolk • Both polar and nonpolar portions in one molecule • good emulsifier • Example: mayonnaise • Cephalins • Similar to letchins • Contain different alcohols

  11. PI (phosphatidylinositol) • The alcohol inositol is bonded to rest of the molecule by phosphate ester bond • Fundamental structural parts of membrane • In the form of PIP2 serves as a signaling molecule in chemical communication

  12. 13.7 What are Sphingolipids? • They were discovered in 1874 by Johann Thudichum • Named after a monster from Greek mythology the sphinx • A creature who devoured all who could not provide the correct answers to the riddles.

  13. Properties • Alcohol sphingosine • A long-chain fatty acid connected to NH₂ • Ceramide • A combination of a fatty acid and a sphingosine • They may use different fatty acids

  14. Sphingomyelins • They are the most important lipids in the myelin sheaths of the nerve cells. • Associated with diseases • Example: multiple sclerosis

  15. 13.8 What are Glycolipids? • Complex lipids that contain carbohydrates and ceramides • Cerebrosides are one group • They contain a ceramide mono- or oligosaccharide • Occur primarily in the brain and nerve synapses • Gangliosides are another group • Have a more complex carbohydrate structure

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