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Complex Lipids 13.4-13.8

Complex Lipids 13.4-13.8. Bethany Deppen and Alexa Toevs. 13.4 What are the structures of complex lipids?. Complex lipids constitute the main components of membranes. Classified into two groups; phospholipids and glycolipids. Phospholipids.

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Complex Lipids 13.4-13.8

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  1. Complex Lipids13.4-13.8 Bethany Deppen and AlexaToevs

  2. 13.4 What are the structures of complex lipids? • Complex lipids constitute the main components of membranes. • Classified into two groups; phospholipids and glycolipids

  3. Phospholipids • Contain an alcohol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group • Two types; glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids • Glycerophospholipids; contains the alcohol glycerol • Sphingolipids; contains the alcohol sphingosine

  4. Glycolipids • Contain ccarbohydrates

  5. 13.5 What role do lipids play in the structure of membranes? • Form the membranes around body cells and small structures, called organelles, inside the cells • In lipid molecules the bilayer has at least one unsaturated fatty acid • Membranes separate the cells and provide selective transport for nutrients and wastes in and out of cells

  6. Lipid Bilayers • Membranes are made up of lipid bilayers • Arranged in two layers, tail to tail • Hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads • Tails point toward each other to get away from water • Hydrophilic heads project into the inner and outer surface of the membrane

  7. Lipid bilayers (continuted) • Cholesterol positions the hydrophilic head on surface of the membrane and the hydrophobic tail inside the bilayer

  8. Membrane Fluidity • Unsaturated fatty acids prevent tight packing of hydrophobic chains in the lipid bilayer • This provides a liquid-like character to the membranes • Very important because the products of the body’s bichemical processes have to cross the membrane

  9. Fluid Mosaic Model • Allows passage of non-polar compounds by diffusion

  10. 13.6 What are the Glycerophospholipids? • Are membrane components of cells in the body • Alcohol is glycerol • Fatty acid on Carbon 2 of glycerol • Always unsaturated

  11. 13.6 cont’d • 2/3 groups are esterified by fatty acids • 1/3 esterified by phosphate groups-Esterified into another alcohol -if alcohol is choline it’s called phosphatidylcholines(lecithin)-lecithin has a negative phosphate group and positive quaternary nitrogen

  12. Lecithin • in egg yolk • Used in mayonnaise • Both polar and non-polar portions

  13. Phosphatidylinositols (PI) • Alcohol is bonded to molecule by a phosphate ester bond • In higher form they are signaling molecules in chemical communication

  14. 13.7 What are Sphingolipids? • Complex lipid in myelin • Alcohol is sphinglosine • Long chain fatty acid id connected to an amino group and the alcohol group at the end of the chain is esterified by phosphorylcholine

  15. Sphingomyelins • Most important lipids in myelin sheates • Associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) • Not randomly distributed in membranes

  16. 13.8 What are glycolipids? • Complex lipids containing carbohydrates and ceramides • Cerebrosides and gangliosides

  17. Cerebrosides • Have ceramide, mono, or oligosacharides • Either 18 or 24 carbon chains • A curve in the brain • 7% of the brain’s dry weight • Nerve synapses

  18. Gangliosides • Contain complex carbohydrate structures

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