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Classification

Classification. A. What is a Classification System?. It identifies objects/organisms and gathers them into groups whose members are similar to one another. B. What is Taxonomy?. Science of classifying organisms according to natural relationships Based on: Physical traits (less accurate)

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. A. What is a Classification System? • It identifies objects/organisms and gathers them into groups whose members are similar to one another.

  3. B. What is Taxonomy? • Science of classifying organisms according to natural relationships • Based on: • Physical traits (less accurate) • Biochemical traits • Genetic Relationships (more accurate)

  4. B. What is Taxonomy? Who is more closely related?

  5. C. History of Classification and Taxonomy • Early Humans • Very simple classification • Dangerous vs. not dangerous • Aristotle • First person to group plants and animals

  6. 3. Early Scientists • Grouped organisms using common names • “frogs”

  7. Carolus Linnaeus • Swedish botanist/naturalist • Grouped organisms according to structural similarities • Binomial nomenclature • Each organism given a 2-part name: • Genus and species = scientific name • Homo sapiens (human) • Felissylvestris (wildcat) • Felisconcolor (cougar)

  8. D. Levels of Classification (Taxa) Broad or Big • Domain • 3 of these: Prokarya , Archaea, Eukarya 2. Kingdom • 4 of these: • Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species Specific or Small

  9. D. Levels of Classification (Taxa) • Each level is included in the level above it. • Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species. • What level is missing?

  10. 8. Species cont. • Smallest group • Two individuals are in the same species if: • Many characteristics are in common • Similar environments • Can mate and produce fertile offspring • All of this occurs in nature + = Liger

  11. How can you remember the levels of classificaion? Think of an acronym: Daring Kings Play Chess On Funny Green Squares

  12. Domain: Eukarya

  13. Let’s compare the taxa to geographical areas: Example: Earth Eukarya Hemisphere Anamalia Continent Chordata Mammalia Country State Primata County Hominidae Homo City Homo sapiens Street Address

  14. E. Phylogeny • Classification of organisms provides their evolutionary history = phylogeny

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