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Soil Formation

Soil Formation. Section 7.3. Development of Soil. Weathered Rock particles Decaying Organic matter (humus) Takes years to develop (200-300 yrs = 1 cm) Result of: Chemical Weathering Physical Weathering Biological Activity. Soil Composition.

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Soil Formation

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  1. Soil Formation Section 7.3

  2. Development of Soil • Weathered Rock particles • Decaying Organic matter (humus) • Takes years to develop (200-300 yrs = 1 cm) • Result of: • Chemical Weathering • Physical Weathering • Biological Activity

  3. Soil Composition • Residual Soil – forms over its parent bedrock • Transported Soil – has been moved to a location away from parent bedrock.

  4. Soil Profiles • Vertical sequence of soil layers • Layers A, B and C • A; Topsoil formed of organic matter and humus • B; Subsoilsenriched with clay minerals & some soluble minerals that leached out of topsoil • C; weathered parent materials • Bedrock

  5. Soil Types • Polar-no distinct horizons; thin soil • Temperate-widely varied, generally have lots of rainfall & good nutrient levels. • Desert-high level of salts; little organic matter • Tropical-intense weathering & bacterial activity. Little humus or nutrients.

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