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Soil Formation

Soil Formation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTzslvAD1Es. What is Soil?. Loose covering of broken rock particles and humus (decaying organic matter ) Found in nearly all regions of the Earth Formed by chemical and physical weathering Affected by climate Four types. Polar Soil.

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Soil Formation

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  1. Soil Formation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTzslvAD1Es

  2. What is Soil? • Loose covering of broken rock particles and humus (decaying organic matter) • Found in nearly all regions of the Earth • Formed by chemical and physical weathering • Affected by climate • Four types

  3. Polar Soil • Form at high latitudes/elevations • Found in Greenland, Canada, Antarctica • Generally have good drainage • Very shallow

  4. Temperate Soil • Form in temperate areas • Found in the eastern US, Europe, eastern Asia, southern Africa and South America • Wide variation - based on annual rainfall amounts

  5. Desert Soil • Form in arid regions • Found in western US, northern Africa, Australia, Middle East, parts of Russia & China • Can only support a limited amount of vegetation

  6. Tropical Soil • Form in areas that have high temperatures & heavy rainfall • Found in South America, central Africa, India, Indonesia • Soil is generally very poor in nutrients

  7. Global Soil Distribution

  8. How Soil is Formed • Requires 5 things: • parent material, topography, climate, organisms, time • Creates soil horizons

  9. Weathering • Physical • Temperature, pressure • Chemical • Water (hydrolysis), oxygen (oxidation), carbon dioxide (carbonic acid), acid rain

  10. Topography

  11. Climate • Cool, dry, sparse vegetation • Predominantly physical weathering • Warm, wet, abundant vegetation • Increased chemical weathering

  12. Soil Horizons • OA • B • C • R

  13. Geohazards • Landslides • Mudslides • Avalanches • Falling rock • Volcanoes • Earthquakes • Floods

  14. Geohazard Protection

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