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doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led. Project: IEEE 802.15 LED(Light Emitting Diode) Interest Group (IG-LED) Submission Title: [Organic Visible Light Communications] Date Submitted: [ November, 2012 ] Source : [Hoa Le Minh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Andrew Burton, Paul Haigh]

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  1. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Project: IEEE 802.15 LED(Light Emitting Diode) Interest Group (IG-LED) Submission Title: [Organic Visible Light Communications] Date Submitted: [November, 2012] Source: [Hoa Le Minh, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Andrew Burton, Paul Haigh] [Northumbria University] Address [Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK] Voice:[44-191-227-3901], FAX: [44-191-243-7630], E-Mail:[hoa.le-minh@northumbria.ac.uk] Re: [] Abstract: [OLED-based VLC] Purpose: [Contribution to IEEE 802.15.4a] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15.4a. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.4a Slide 1 Northumbria University

  2. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Contents • Visible light communications • Organic light emitting diode (OLED) • OLED-based VLC • Challenges and possibilities discussion Slide 2 Northumbria University

  3. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led General Lighting Sources Incandescent bulb First industrial light source 5% warm light, 95% heat Few thousand hours of life Fluorescent lamp White light, cheap 25% light Lifetime ~10,000s hours Solid-state light emitting diode (LED) Compact, cheap, powerful 50% light More than 50,000 hours lifespan Organic light emitting diode (OLED) Flexible and bendable panel Extensively used in high-end display products, HDTV and Smartphone Northumbria University

  4. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Lighting Emitting Sources RGBBlue chip + PhosphorOLED • Emerging technology • Early stage of development • High potentials for VLC • Well-known technology • Limited use due to difficulties in RGB balancing • Phasing out in lighting industry • Popular for today general lighting industry • Standardised for illumination and visible light communications Northumbria University

  5. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED Lighting Performance • Efficiency • 100% internal quantum efficiency (Fraunhofer IPMS – COMEDD, 2012) • Brightness 2.000 cd/m², 5mm thickness (Verbatim Velve, 2012) • 120 lumen (~table lamp) (Philip Lumiblade GL350, 2012) • 80 lumen/watt with 20.000 hours of lifetime (LG, 2012) Northumbria University

  6. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED Applications • Dominant in high end Smartphone display products: Super-AMOLED) • (Samsung Galaxy S3 phone, 2012) • 55 inch OLED HDTV (Samsung Electronics, 2012) • 6 inch E-paper on plastic (XGA, 14 gram, 0.7mm thickness), (LG, 2012) • Solar OLED car (BASF, 2012) • Flexible AMOLED display (Samsung patent, 2012) Northumbria University

  7. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED Modulation Bandwidth Measured frequency response of (Philips) Lumiblade white OLED Measured frequency response of (Philips) Luxeon-star white LED OLED BW is much narrower than LED! Northumbria University

  8. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED Structure • Typical structure: • Glass (filled with inert gas to protect other layers) • Anode/Hole transport layer (HTL) • Organic emitting layers (to control emissive colours) • Including organic compounds • 4. Electron transport layer (ETL) • 5. Cathode (typically indium tin oxide (ITO)) • Thin film technology: • OLED layers ~1-200 nm Northumbria University

  9. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Electrical Characterisation For lighting Large panel  better for illumination  larger capacitor value For communications Larger capacitor value  slow response Rp - electrode contact resistance Rd - diode resistance C - diode capacitance Northumbria University

  10. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Equalisation First order equaliser experimental test-bed • Simple implementation • 1st order response (linear) • Cost effective H. Le-Minh, D. C. O'Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D. Jung and Y. Oh, "100-Mbit/s NRZ Visible Light Communications Using a Post-Equalized White LED", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 21, no. 15, pp. 1063-1065, 2009 Northumbria University

  11. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED BW Improvement Philip Lumiblade OLED Measured frequency response corresponding to different equalisers H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy, A. Burton and P. A. Haigh, "Equalization for Organic Light Emitting Diodes in Visible Light Communications" IEEE GLOBECOM, Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications in Houston, USA, 5-9 December, 2011 Northumbria University

  12. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Decision Feedback Equalizer for OLED- VLC Links Osram Orbeos OLED • DFE: widely used in digital systems transmitting through BW-limited AWGN channels • Better performance than ZF and MMSE-based filter DFE Northumbria University

  13. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led OLED OFDM VLC 1 Mbit/s 3 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s, BER < 10-5 A. Burton, P. A. Haigh, H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Rajbhandari and S. K. Liaw, "A Comparative Investigation Study of Modulation and Equalization Techniques for White-Light Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using in Visible Light Communications", IEEE Communications Magazine, 2012 (submitted) P. A. Haigh, Z. Ghassemlooy, H. Le-Minh, S. Rajbhandari, F. Arca, S. F. Tedde, O. Hayden and I. Papakonstantinou, "Exploiting Equalization Techniques for Improving Data Rates in Organic Optoelectronic Devices for Visible Light Communications", IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012 Northumbria University

  14. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Challenges • OLED is under development, therefore challenges are widely expected from • Materials and device structures are being evolved and varied from different manufacturers • Heavily calibrated for display purpose (unlike LED used for signalling and illumination) • In the early stage of lighting and decoration utilisation (@2012) • Expensive (~10/20 times costlier than the same performing LED) • Lack of wide range of commercially available products • Communications aspects • Light efficiency is low  large illumination panels are typically fabricated  high capacitance thus limiting the device modulation bandwidth (100’s kHz) • Limited researches in data communications • Not yet being standardised Northumbria University

  15. doc.: IEEE 15-12-0638-00-0led Possibility and Potentials • Possibilities and Future Work • Achieving higher data rate, such as 10-15 Mbit/s, so that OLED can be adopted in standard 10BASE-T Ethernet communications • Working with the manufacturers to improve the device response time (newer display has faster response and wider dynamic contrast range) • Device modelling and characterisation to optimise the performance • Possible to adopt the existing VLC standard (IEEE 802.15) • Potentials and Opportunity • OLED is increasingly available in many displays, tablets and phones  new areas of short- range and personal VLC applications and researches • Toward mobile and flexible VLC Northumbria University

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