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What are thinking skills?

Developing thinking and creativity in young learners BETA 2009 Syana Harizanova, NBU. What are thinking skills?. T he habits of intelligent behaviour learned through practice

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What are thinking skills?

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  1. Developing thinking and creativity in young learnersBETA 2009 Syana Harizanova, NBU

  2. What are thinking skills? • The habits of intelligent behaviour learned through practice • Ways in which humans exercise the sapiens part of being homo sapiens • The particular ways in which people apply their minds to achieve certain purposes

  3. Some of the thinking processes humans undergo include • remembering • questioning • forming concepts • planning • reasoning • imagining • solving problems • making decisions and judgements • translating thoughts into words

  4. Why are thinking skills important? • Information is expanding by the hour • Information comes from multiple sources • The individual cannot ‘store’ sufficient knowledge in memory • Modern society requires people who can comprehend, judge and apply information efficiently

  5. Implications for education • Schools (and family) to face the knowledge revolution • Teachers (and parents) to encourage children to think and reason • National curricula to approve relevant standards and classroom practices • Creative and independent thinking to be promoted at school and at home

  6. Areas of concern re teaching thinking • Is it more effective to teach thinking skills as a separate activity from the rest of the curriculum, or should this teaching be embedded in the teaching of curriculum subjects? • Should we teach thinking skills explicitly or implicitly?

  7. Some learning-to-think activities • Finding/ Drawing solutions to an imaginary problem • Intellectual puzzles • Co-operative learning • Thinking aloud • Reciprocal teaching • Games

  8. The time factor If we encourage children to think, then we should: • provide them with thinking time. • show appreciation for thinking deeper into a problem rather than getting on with a task fast. • refrain from requiring quantity at the expense of quality.

  9. Thinking and language • Insist on variety in speech • Insist on clarity and precision By forcing greater depth in expression we foster greater depth in thinking!

  10. Resources: • Buzan, T. (1974/1993) Use your head, London: BBC Publications. See also www.iMindMap.com • Fisher, R. (2005) (2 nd ed) Teaching Children to Think, Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes • Fisher, R. (2005) (2 nd ed) Teaching Children to Learn, Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes • Fisher, R. (in press), ‘Expanding Minds: Developing Creativity in Young Learners ', CATS: The IATEFL Young Learners SIG journal. Spring 2006 • Lipman, M. (2003) (2nd Ed.) Thinking in Education Cambridge: Cambridge University Press • Edited by Whitebread, D. (2000) The Psychology of Teaching and Learning in the PrimarySchoolRoutledge • Wood, D. (1997) How Children Think and Learn (2nd ed.) Oxford: Blackwell

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