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Chapter19: The Vietnam War

Chapter19: The Vietnam War. 19.1: Going to War in Vietnam. The United States tries to control the spread of communism in Vietnam. Rulers of Vietnam a. before WWII? France b. during WWII? Japan c. after WWII? i . Ho Chi Minh/North

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Chapter19: The Vietnam War

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  1. Chapter19: The Vietnam War

  2. 19.1: Going to War in Vietnam The United States tries to control the spread of communism in Vietnam

  3. Rulers of Vietnam a. before WWII? France b. during WWII? Japan c. after WWII? i. Ho Chi Minh/North ii. Ngo Dinh Diem/South A. American Involvement in Vietnam

  4. a. communist leader of Northern Vietnam b. What did he want? Independence for Vietnam Who were the Vietminh? Northern Communist Vietnamese who wanted independence How does he relate to containment? He was supported by SU and China 2. In w/Ho Chi Minh

  5. France reclaims Vietnam after WWII (1946) Why should the U.S. help? fighting against communism Fall of China’s & Korea Truman decides to aid France 1950-1954: U.S. spends $2.6 billion supporting France = domino theory… VS. 3. France vs. Vietminh

  6. d. Domino Theory (Pres. Eisenhower’s) If Vietnam fell to communism others would follow, so the U.S. must help.

  7. Vietminh defeat French at Dien Bien Phu post (1954) -guerilla tactics used July 1954:Geneva Accords (peace agreement) = temporary divide at 17th parallel Diem, southern leader, agreed to countrywide elections for 1956 – never happens 4. Defeat at Dien Bien Phu

  8. elections cancelled Ho Chi Minh supported by the people Diem corrupt & suppressed opposition Repressed Buddhist practices; he’s Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem (South V.) Nationalist 5. French out = U.S. Stepping In

  9. **************

  10. 1. Vietcong: South Vietnamese communists organize after cancelled elections begin to kill SV gov’t officials Eisenhower sends in military advisers to train SV army B. America Becomes Involved in Vietnam

  11. 1960: supports Diem Diem continues with corruption Nationalist Vietnamese executes Diem/JFK assassinated (’63) LBJ now president and does not want to appear “soft” on communism 2. Kennedy and Vietnam

  12. plan to protect SV from communist by relocating them Made things worse for Diem e. Strategic Hamlets

  13. Gulf Tonkin Incident i. US naval ships fired upon ii. Second attack unclear if it happened iii. US spying on NV 3. Pres. Johnson expands the conflict

  14. b. Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964): Granted Johnson military powers in Vietnam without officially declaring war c. Operation Rolling Thunder (’65) First prolonged bombing of North Vietnam Attempt to avoid sending in troops d. First combat troops sent in 3. Pres. Johnson expands the conflict

  15. 1. Tricks of the Vietcong Guerilla tactics: irregular warfare such as hit and run and ambush tactics Hiding within civilian population Booby traps/land mines Terrain and tunnels C. A Bloody Stalemate

  16. Vietcong Tunnels

  17. War of Attrition: wearing down the enemy by continuous harassment; progress measured by the # dead Body count c. Napalm/agent orange d. Search and destroy missions “Search and Destroy”US Strategies

  18. Agent Orange

  19. Napalm(gasoline-base bomb) attack

  20. SU and China supplied N. Vietnam No full-scale invasion of NV; US concerned China will enter war 3. Ho Chi Minh Trail

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