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Integration of Perennial Forages and Grazing in Sod Based Crop Rotations

Integration of Perennial Forages and Grazing in Sod Based Crop Rotations. Roger Gates Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University. "All causes of decline of individual farms can be expressed as a lack of adaptation to the natural surrounding"

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Integration of Perennial Forages and Grazing in Sod Based Crop Rotations

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  1. Integration of Perennial Forages and Grazing in Sod Based Crop Rotations Roger Gates Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University

  2. "All causes of decline of individual farms can be expressed as a lack of adaptation to the natural surrounding" Liberty Hyde Bailey, 1902 Dean of Agriculture, Cornell University

  3. the case for perennial forages… (sod based)

  4. Land Classifications of the World • 28% are forestlands • 10% are cultivated • 3% (and growing) are urban or industrial • 44% are perennial grasslands Out of 34 billion acres of land area, worldwide:

  5. Pre-settlement range of longleaf pine savannah

  6. the case for perennial forages… Soil productivity (sod based)

  7. Soils and the Carbon Cycle D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson South Dakota State University

  8. D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson Carbon in Soils • Carbon is present in the soil as living organisms/tissues, humus, and waste products. • C is sequestered in conditions where rate of plant production is greater than the rate of microbial decay. • The balance between soil organic matter (OM) accumulation and microbial respiration has global implications.

  9. D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson Importance of OM in Soils • Structure formation – granular. • Increased total water holding capacity. • Increased proportion of plant available water and aeration. • Increased nutrient storage – CEC higher. • Major source of N, P, and S. • Small amounts greatly improve soil productivity and soil quality. • Food source for microbes.

  10. Forest / Prairie Soils Forest Prairie D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson

  11. Soil Profile C Distribution Soil humus level (%) 0 5 10 0 Forest Prairie 24 Soil depth (in) 48 D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson

  12. Research Results – 10-yr study D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson

  13. Research Results – 10-yr study D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson

  14. Research Results – 10-yr study D.D. Malo, T.E. Schumacher, and C.G. Carlson

  15. the case for perennial forages… Soil productivity Pest alleviation (sod based)

  16. obstacles with perennial forages… establishment (sod based)

  17. obstacles with perennial forages… establishment establishment (sod based)

  18. obstacles with perennial forages… establishment establishment establishment (sod based)

  19. Bahaiagrass emergence

  20. obstacles with perennial forages… establishment establishment establishment harvest value (sod based)

  21. Commercial Hay Production

  22. Cow-calf production Contract Grazing

  23. Alternative Livestock

  24. Seed Production

  25. Sod Production

  26. Timber

  27. Interseeded Crops

  28. the case for grazing …

  29. the case for grazing … least expensive harvest

  30. the case for grazing … least expensive harvest residue utilization

  31. the case for grazing … least expensive harvest residue utilization manure effects

  32. Distribution Of Nutrient Return To Pastures • Uneven distribution on continuously grazed pastures • More even distribution on Rotationally grazed pastures

  33. the case for integration …

  34. Appropriate measures include strip shelter belts of crops, tillage practices that leave crop litter or residue at the surface, and rotations suited to moisture supplies in the soil. W.C. Lowdermilk, 1939 “Conquest of the Land through 7,000 Years”

  35. “...new Western values and world-view have come about partly because of the lack of daily contact with animals and the natural environment. John Hodges, 1999 “Animals and Values in Society”, Editorial – Newsletter of the European Association of Animal Production

  36. ... the values of simpler societies for thousands of years were based upon a holistic view of life. Community embraced all individuals and every-one knew that each component of life is integrated and that life functions as a whole, like an organism with inter-dependent parts which must be sustained for life to continue.”

  37. In the West we have lost this world view. We discovered that by focusing upon one component we can make it more productive, but in our enthusiasm we forget the balance of the whole.”

  38. obstacles to integration

  39. obstacles to integration “know how”

  40. obstacles to integration “know how” enterprise analysis

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