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Phylum Porifera

Dive into the wondrous realm of Porifera phylum with this comprehensive guide on sponges. Explore their unique characteristics, anatomy, feeding habits, and reproduction methods. Understand the importance of choanocytes, mesohyl, and other key terms in the classification of sponges.

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera Sponges

  2. Characteristics Sponges are • Asymmetrical • Filter feeders • Cellular level of organization – nothing above • Sessile • Lacks true embryological germ layers

  3. Anatomy

  4. Diet of a sponge • Tiny, floating organic particles • Detritus • Plankton • Food is collected by choanocytes, distributed by amoebocytes

  5. Sponge reproduction • Most sponges are hermaphrodites • Sexual reproduction • Eggs or sperm released; captured by choanocytes; larval stage; free-floating or moving by cilia; settles and develops • Asexual reproduction • Budding • Fragmentation • gemmules

  6. Classification • Domain – Eukarya • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Porifera • Classes – Calcarea, Demospongea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida

  7. Choanocyte

  8. Vocab terms • archaeocytes (amoebocytes) - Cells with pseudopods, located in the mesohyl. They are used in processing food, distributing it to other cells, and for other functions.benthic - living at or near the bottom of the seas.choanocyte - also called collar cells, choanocytes line the inner cavity of the sponge. They have a sticky, funnel-shaped collar (that collects food particles) and a flagellum (which whips around, moving water). The sponge obtains its nutrients and oxygen by processing flowing water using choanocytes. Choanocytes are also involved in sponge reproduction; they catch floating sperm.

  9. Vocab terms • epidermis (pinacocyte) - the epidermis is the layer of cells that covers the outer surface of the sponge. The thin, flattened cells of the epidermis are called pinacocytes.flagellum - the whip-like structure of a choanocyte; the flagellum moves, pushing water (which contains nourishment) through the sponge.hermaphrodite - an animal in which each adult can act as either the female or the male in reproduction.holdfast - root-like tendrils that attach the sponge to rocks.

  10. Vocab terms • invertebrate - an animal without a backbone.mesohyl (mesenchyme) - the gelatinous layer between the outer body of the sponge and the spongocoel (the inner cavity).osculum - a large opening in a sponge through which water flows out of the sponge. Sponges may have more than one oscula.ostia - a series of tiny pores all over the body of a sponge that let water into the sponge. One of these is called an ostium.pinacocyte - pinacocytes are the thin, flattened cells of the epidermis, the sponge's outer layer of cells.

  11. Vocab terms • porocyte - cells with pores that allow water into the sponge; they are located all over the sponge's body.sessile - permanently attached to a substrate and unable to move on its own. Adult sponges are sessile.spicule - spicules are sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl. Spicules form the "skeleton" of many sponges.spongin - the flexible, fibrous fibers that form the skeleton of horny sponges; spongin is located within the mesohyl.spongocoel - the central, open cavity in a sponge through which water flows.

  12. Figure 9.7 Ascon(oid) Sycon(oid) Leucon(oid)

  13. Asconoid body structure • Asconoid – simplest body structure. Tube or vase shape. Seldom exceed 1 mm (.5 inch) in diameter PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  14. Syconoid body structure • Syconoid – variation on asconoid with pleats or folds in body wall. Increase in number of choanocytes. Can grow to a few cm in diameter PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  15. Leuconoid body structure • Leuconoid – can grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter. Fills interior almost completely with mesohyl and greatly increases number of choanocytes PinacocytesChoanocytes MesohylWater flow

  16. Sponge diagram and anatomy

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